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Hardness of FO Model-Checking on Random Graphs

Authors Jan Dreier , Peter Rossmanith

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Jan Dreier
  • Department of Computer Science, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
Peter Rossmanith
  • Department of Computer Science, RWTH Aachen University, Germany

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Jan Dreier and Peter Rossmanith. Hardness of FO Model-Checking on Random Graphs. In 14th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 148, pp. 11:1-11:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2019.11

Abstract

It is known that FO model-checking is fixed-parameter tractable on Erdős - Rényi graphs G(n,p(n)) if the edge-probability p(n) is sufficiently small [Grohe, 2001] (p(n)=O(n^epsilon/n) for every epsilon>0). A natural question to ask is whether this result can be extended to bigger probabilities. We show that for Erdős - Rényi graphs with vertex colors the above stated upper bound by Grohe is the best possible.
More specifically, we show that there is no FO model-checking algorithm with average FPT run time on vertex-colored Erdős - Rényi graphs G(n,n^delta/n) (0 < delta < 1) unless AW[*]subseteq FPT/poly. This might be the first result where parameterized average-case intractability of a natural problem with a natural probability distribution is linked to worst-case complexity assumptions. 
We further provide hardness results for FO model-checking on other random graph models, including G(n,1/2) and Chung-Lu graphs, where our intractability results tightly match known tractability results [E. D. Demaine et al., 2014]. We also provide lower bounds on the size of shallow clique minors in certain Erdős - Rényi and Chung - Lu graphs.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Parameterized complexity and exact algorithms
Keywords
  • random graphs
  • FO model-checking

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