The non-uniform version of Turing machines with an extra advice input tape that depends on the length of the input but not the input itself is a well-studied model in complexity theory. We investigate the same notion of non-uniformity in weaker models, namely one-way finite automata. In particular, we are interested in the power of two-sided bounded-error randomization, and how it compares to determinism and non-determinism. We show that for unlimited advice, randomization is strictly stronger than determinism, and strictly weaker than non-determinism. However, when the advice is restricted to polynomial length, the landscape changes: the expressive power of determinism and randomization does not change, but the power of non-determinism is reduced to the extent that it becomes incomparable with randomization.
@InProceedings{duris_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.30, author = {\v{D}uri\v{s}, Pavol and Kr\'{a}lovi\v{c}, Rastislav and Kr\'{a}lovi\v{c}, Richard and Pardubsk\'{a}, Dana and Pa\v{s}en, Martin and Rossmanith, Peter}, title = {{Randomization in Non-Uniform Finite Automata}}, booktitle = {45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2020)}, pages = {30:1--30:13}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-159-7}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2020}, volume = {170}, editor = {Esparza, Javier and Kr\'{a}l', Daniel}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.30}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-126987}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.30}, annote = {Keywords: finite automata, non-uniform computation, randomization} }
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