Document Open Access Logo

Dynamic Probabilistic Reliable Broadcast

Authors João Paulo Bezerra , Veronika Anikina, Petr Kuznetsov , Liron Schiff, Stefan Schmid

PDF

File

Thumbnail PDF
PDF
LIPIcs.OPODIS.2024.31.pdf
  • Filesize: 1.59 MB
  • 30 pages

Document Identifiers

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Distributed algorithms
Keywords
  • Reliable broadcast
  • probabilistic algorithms
  • witness sets
  • stream-local hashing
  • cryptocurrencies
  • accountability

Metrics

  • Access Statistics
  • Total Accesses (updated on a weekly basis)
    0
    PDF Downloads
    0
    Metadata Views

Abstract

Byzantine reliable broadcast is a fundamental primitive in distributed systems that allows a set of processes to agree on a message broadcast by a dedicated process, even when some of them are malicious (Byzantine). It guarantees that no two correct processes deliver different messages, and if a message is delivered by a correct process, every correct process eventually delivers one. Byzantine reliable broadcast protocols are known to scale poorly, as they require Ω(n²) message exchanges, where n is the number of system members. The quadratic cost can be explained by the inherent need for every process to relay a message to every other process.
In this paper, we explore ways to overcome this limitation by casting the problem to the probabilistic setting. We propose a solution in which every broadcast message is validated by a small set of witnesses, which allows us to maintain low latency and small communication complexity. In order to tolerate the slow adaptive adversary, we dynamically select the witnesses through a novel stream-local hash function: given a stream of inputs, it generates a stream of output hashed values that adapts to small deviations of the inputs.
Our performance analysis shows that the proposed solution exhibits significant scalability gains over state-of-the-art protocols.

Cite As Get BibTex

João Paulo Bezerra, Veronika Anikina, Petr Kuznetsov, Liron Schiff, and Stefan Schmid. Dynamic Probabilistic Reliable Broadcast. In 28th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 324, pp. 31:1-31:30, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2024.31

Author Details

João Paulo Bezerra
  • LTCI, Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, France
Veronika Anikina
  • ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Petr Kuznetsov
  • LTCI, Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, France
Liron Schiff
  • Akamai Technologies, Cambridge, MA, USA
Stefan Schmid
  • Technische Universität Berlin, Germany

Acknowledgements

This project was supported by TrustShare Innovation Chair. Akamai Technologies provided access to the hardware essential to our simulations. We would also like to thank Laurent Decreusefond, Emre Telatar, Nirupam Gupta and Anastasiia Kucherenko for fruitful discussions.

Supplementary Materials

References

  1. Noga Alon, Chen Avin, Michal Koucky, Gady Kozma, Zvi Lotker, and Mark R Tuttle. Many random walks are faster than one. In Proceedings of the twentieth annual symposium on parallelism in algorithms and architectures, pages 119-128, 2008. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/1378533.1378557.
  2. Veronika Anikina and João Paulo Bezerra. Mininet distributed system simulation, 2024. URL: https://github.com/testJota/mininet-distributed-system-simulation.
  3. Veronika Anikina and João Paulo Bezerra. Stochastic checking simulation, 2024. URL: https://github.com/interestIngc/stochastic-checking-simulation.
  4. Mathieu Baudet, George Danezis, and Alberto Sonnino. Fastpay: High-performance byzantine fault tolerant settlement. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies, pages 163-177, 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3419614.3423249.
  5. Nathanaël Berestycki. Mixing times of markov chains: Techniques and examples. Alea-Latin American Journal of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, 2016. Google Scholar
  6. Gabriel Bracha. Asynchronous Byzantine agreement protocols. Information and Computation, 75(2):130-143, 1987. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-5401(87)90054-X.
  7. Gabriel Bracha and Sam Toueg. Asynchronous Consensus and Broadcast Protocols. JACM, 32(4), 1985. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/4221.214134.
  8. Andrei Z Broder. On the resemblance and containment of documents. In Proceedings. Compression and Complexity of SEQUENCES 1997 (Cat. No. 97TB100171), pages 21-29. IEEE, 1997. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/SEQUEN.1997.666900.
  9. Christian Cachin, Rachid Guerraoui, and Luís Rodrigues. Introduction to reliable and secure distributed programming. Springer Science & Business Media, 2011. Google Scholar
  10. Miguel Castro and Barbara Liskov. Practical byzantine fault tolerance and proactive recovery. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS), 20(4):398-461, 2002. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/571637.571640.
  11. Tushar Deepak Chandra, Vassos Hadzilacos, and Sam Toueg. The weakest failure detector for solving consensus. J. ACM, 43(4):685-722, July 1996. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/234533.234549.
  12. Jing Chen and Silvio Micali. Algorand. arXiv preprint, 2016. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.01341.
  13. Shir Cohen, Idit Keidar, and Alexander Spiegelman. Not a coincidence: Sub-quadratic asynchronous byzantine agreement whp. arXiv preprint, 2020. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.06545.
  14. Daniel Collins, Rachid Guerraoui, Jovan Komatovic, Petr Kuznetsov, Matteo Monti, Matej Pavlovic, Yvonne Anne Pignolet, Dragos-Adrian Seredinschi, Andrei Tonkikh, and Athanasios Xygkis. Online payments by merely broadcasting messages. In 50th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, DSN 2020, Valencia, Spain, June 29 - July 2, 2020, pages 26-38. IEEE, 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/DSN48063.2020.00023.
  15. Sourav Das, Zhuolun Xiang, and Ling Ren. Asynchronous data dissemination and its applications. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pages 2705-2721, 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3484808.
  16. Cynthia Dwork, Nancy Lynch, and Larry Stockmeyer. Consensus in the presence of partial synchrony. J. ACM, 35(2):288-323, April 1988. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/42282.42283.
  17. Cynthia Dwork, Nancy A. Lynch, and Larry Stockmeyer. Consensus in the presence of partial synchrony. Journal of the ACM, 35(2):288-323, April 1988. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/42282.42283.
  18. Robert Elsässer and Thomas Sauerwald. Tight bounds for the cover time of multiple random walks. In Proceedings of the 36th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming: Part I, ICALP '09, pages 415-426, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009. Springer-Verlag. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02927-1_35.
  19. Michael J. Fischer, Nancy A. Lynch, and Michael S. Paterson. Impossibility of distributed consensus with one faulty process. JACM, 32(2):374-382, April 1985. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3149.214121.
  20. Yossi Gilad, Rotem Hemo, Silvio Micali, Georgios Vlachos, and Nickolai Zeldovich. Algorand: Scaling byzantine agreements for cryptocurrencies. In Proceedings of the 26th symposium on operating systems principles, pages 51-68, 2017. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3132747.3132757.
  21. Rachid Guerraoui. Indulgent algorithms (preliminary version). In PODC, pages 289-297. ACM, 2000. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/343477.343630.
  22. Rachid Guerraoui, Petr Kuznetsov, Matteo Monti, Matej Pavlovic, and Dragos-Adrian Seredinschi. Scalable byzantine reliable broadcast. In Jukka Suomela, editor, 33rd International Symposium on Distributed Computing, DISC 2019, October 14-18, 2019, Budapest, Hungary, volume 146 of LIPIcs, pages 22:1-22:16. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPICS.DISC.2019.22.
  23. Rachid Guerraoui, Petr Kuznetsov, Matteo Monti, Matej Pavlovic, and Dragos-Adrian Seredinschi. The consensus number of a cryptocurrency. In PODC, 2019. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.05574.
  24. Saurabh Gupta. A Non-Consensus Based Decentralized Financial Transaction Processing Model with Support for Efficient Auditing. Master’s thesis, Arizona State University, USA, 2016. Google Scholar
  25. Andreas Haeberlen and Petr Kuznetsov. The fault detection problem. In OPODIS, pages 99-114, 2009. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10877-8_10.
  26. Andreas Haeberlen, Petr Kuznetsov, and Peter Druschel. PeerReview: Practical accountability for distributed systems. In Proceedings of the 21st ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP'07), October 2007. Google Scholar
  27. Petr Kuznetsov, Yvonne-Anne Pignolet, Pavel Ponomarev, and Andrei Tonkikh. Permissionless and asynchronous asset transfer. In DISC 2021, volume 209 of LIPIcs, pages 28:1-28:19, 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPICS.DISC.2021.28.
  28. Petr Kuznetsov, Yvonne-Anne Pignolet, Pavel Ponomarev, and Andrei Tonkikh. Cryptoconcurrency: (almost) consensusless asset transfer with shared accounts. CoRR, abs/2212.04895, 2022. URL: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2212.04895.
  29. Leslie Lamport. The Part-Time parliament. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 16(2):133-169, May 1998. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/279227.279229.
  30. Bob Lantz, Brandon Heller, and Nick McKeown. A network in a laptop: rapid prototyping for software-defined networks. In Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks, pages 1-6, 2010. Google Scholar
  31. Linode (Akamai). Plan Types - Dedicated CPU Compute Instances. https://www.linode.com/docs/products/compute/compute-instances/plans/dedicated-cpu/, 2023. [Online; accessed 10-May-2023].
  32. Dahlia Malkhi, Michael Merritt, and Ohad Rodeh. Secure reliable multicast protocols in a WAN. In ICDCS, pages 87-94. IEEE Computer Society, 1997. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCS.1997.597857.
  33. Dahlia Malkhi and Michael Reiter. Byzantine quorum systems. In Proceedings of the twenty-ninth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing, pages 569-578. ACM, 1997. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/258533.258650.
  34. Dahlia Malkhi and Michael K. Reiter. A high-throughput secure reliable multicast protocol. Journal of Computer Security, 5(2):113-128, 1997. URL: https://doi.org/10.3233/JCS-1997-5203.
  35. Dahlia Malkhi, Michael K Reiter, Avishai Wool, and Rebecca N Wright. Probabilistic quorum systems. Inf. Comput., 170(2):184-206, November 2001. URL: https://doi.org/10.1006/INCO.2001.3054.
  36. Silvio Micali, Michael Rabin, and Salil Vadhan. Verifiable random functions. In 40th annual symposium on foundations of computer science (cat. No. 99CB37039), pages 120-130. IEEE, 1999. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/SFFCS.1999.814584.
  37. Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system, 2008. Google Scholar
  38. Ben Pfaff, Justin Pettit, Teemu Koponen, Ethan J. Jackson, Andy Zhou, Jarno Rajahalme, Jesse Gross, Alex Wang, Jonathan Stringer, Pravin Shelar, Keith Amidon, and Martín Casado. The design and implementation of open vswitch. In Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, NSDI'15, pages 117-130, USA, 2015. USENIX Association. URL: https://www.usenix.org/conference/nsdi15/technical-sessions/presentation/pfaff.
  39. Irving S Reed and Gustave Solomon. Polynomial codes over certain finite fields. Journal of the society for industrial and applied mathematics, 8(2):300-304, 1960. Google Scholar
  40. Adi Shamir. How to share a secret. Communications of the ACM, 22(11):612-613, 1979. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/359168.359176.
  41. Sam Toueg. Randomized byzantine agreements. In Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, PODC '84, pages 163-178, New York, NY, USA, 1984. ACM. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/800222.806744.
  42. Marko Vukolic. The origin of quorum systems. Bulletin of the EATCS, 101:125-147, 2010. URL: http://eatcs.org/beatcs/index.php/beatcs/article/view/183.
  43. Gavin Wood. Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger. Ethereum project yellow paper, 151(2014):1-32, 2014. Google Scholar
Questions / Remarks / Feedback
X

Feedback for Dagstuhl Publishing


Thanks for your feedback!

Feedback submitted

Could not send message

Please try again later or send an E-mail
© 2023-2025 Schloss Dagstuhl – LZI GmbH About DROPS Imprint Privacy Contact