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Speeding up Pseudo-Boolean Propagation

Authors Robert Nieuwenhuis , Albert Oliveras , Enric Rodríguez-Carbonell , Rui Zhao

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Author Details

Robert Nieuwenhuis
  • Barcelogic.com, Barcelona, Spain
Albert Oliveras
  • Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
Enric Rodríguez-Carbonell
  • Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
Rui Zhao
  • Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain

Funding

All authors are supported by grant PID2021-122830OB-C43, funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by "ERDF: A way of making Europe". Second and third authors are supported by Barcelogic through research grants C-11423 and C-11422, respectively.

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Robert Nieuwenhuis, Albert Oliveras, Enric Rodríguez-Carbonell, and Rui Zhao. Speeding up Pseudo-Boolean Propagation. In 27th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 305, pp. 22:1-22:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2024.22

Abstract

Unit propagation is known to be one of the most time-consuming procedures inside CDCL-based SAT solvers. Not surprisingly, it has been studied in depth and the two-watched-literal scheme, enhanced with implementation details boosting its performance, has emerged as the dominant method. In pseudo-Boolean solvers, the importance of unit propagation is similar, but no dominant method exists: counter propagation and watched-based extensions are efficient for different types of constraints, which has opened the door to hybrid methods. However, probably due to the higher complexity of implementing pseudo-Boolean solvers, research efforts have not focused much on concrete implementation details for unit propagation but rather on higher-level aspects of other procedures, such as conflict analysis. In this paper, we present (i) a novel methodology to precisely assess the performance of propagation mechanisms, (ii) an evaluation of implementation variants of the propagation methods present in {RoundingSat} and (iii) a detailed analysis showing that hybrid methods outperform the ones based on a single technique. Our final contribution is to show that a carefully implemented hybrid propagation method is considerably faster than the preferred propagation mechanism in {RoundingSat}, and that this improvement leads to a better overall performance of the solver.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation
Keywords
  • SAT
  • Pseudo-Boolean Solving
  • Implementation-level Details

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