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Nonnegativity Problems for Matrix Semigroups

Authors Julian D'Costa , Joël Ouaknine , James Worrell

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ACM Subject Classification
  • Computing methodologies → Symbolic and algebraic manipulation
  • Theory of computation → Formal languages and automata theory
Keywords
  • Decidability
  • Linear Recurrence Sequences
  • Schanuel’s Conjecture

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Abstract

The matrix semigroup membership problem asks, given square matrices M,M₁,…,M_k of the same dimension, whether M lies in the semigroup generated by M₁,…,M_k. It is classical that this problem is undecidable in general, but decidable in case M₁,…,M_k commute. In this paper we consider the problem of whether, given M₁,…,M_k, the semigroup generated by M₁,…,M_k contains a non-negative matrix. We show that in case M₁,…,M_k commute, this problem is decidable subject to Schanuel’s Conjecture. We show also that the problem is undecidable if the commutativity assumption is dropped. A key lemma in our decidability proof is a procedure to determine, given a matrix M, whether the sequence of matrices (Mⁿ)_{n = 0}^∞ is ultimately nonnegative. This answers a problem posed by S. Akshay [S. Akshay et al., 2022]. The latter result is in stark contrast to the notorious fact that it is not known how to determine, for any specific matrix index (i,j), whether the sequence (Mⁿ)_{i,j} is ultimately nonnegative. Indeed the latter is equivalent to the Ultimate Positivity Problem for linear recurrence sequences, a longstanding open problem.

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Julian D'Costa, Joël Ouaknine, and James Worrell. Nonnegativity Problems for Matrix Semigroups. In 41st International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 289, pp. 27:1-27:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2024.27

Author Details

Julian D'Costa
  • Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, UK
Joël Ouaknine
  • Max Planck Institute for Software Systems, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany
James Worrell
  • Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, UK

Funding

  • D'Costa, Julian: emmy.network foundation under the aegis of the Fondation de Luxembourg, UKRI Frontier Research Grant EP/X033813/1.
  • Ouaknine, Joël: DFG grant 389792660 as part of TRR 248 (see https://perspicuous-computing.science). Joël Ouaknine is also affiliated with Keble College, Oxford as http://emmy.network/ Fellow.
  • Worrell, James: UKRI Frontier Research Grant EP/X033813/1.

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