Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 2



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Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2019, Complete Issue

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Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2019, Complete Issue

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Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 2, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@Article{DagRep.9.2,
  title =	{{Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2019, Complete Issue}},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{9},
  number =	{2},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.9.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-112083},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.9.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2019, Complete Issue}
}
Document
Front Matter
Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 9, Issue 2, 2019

Abstract
Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 9, Issue 2, 2019

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Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 2, pp. i-ii, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@Article{DagRep.9.2.i,
  title =	{{Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 9, Issue 2, 2019}},
  pages =	{i--ii},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{9},
  number =	{2},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.9.2.i},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-112079},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.9.2.i},
  annote =	{Keywords: Table of Contents, Frontmatter}
}
Document
Visual Analytics of Multilayer Networks Across Disciplines (Dagstuhl Seminar 19061)

Authors: Mikko Kivelä, Fintan McGee, Guy Melançon, Nathalie Henry Riche, and Tatiana von Landesberger


Abstract
This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 19061 "Visual Analytics of Multilayer Networks Across Disciplines". Networks, used to understand systems, often contain multiple types of nodes and/or edges. They are often flattened to a single network, even though real-world systems are more accurately modelled as a set of interacting networks, or layers, with different node and edge types. These are so-called multilayer networks. These networks are studied by researchers both in network visualization and in complex systems -- the domain from which the concept of multilayer networks has recently emerged. Moreover, researchers in various application domains study these systems, e.g. biology, digital humanities, sociology and journalism. These research areas have shown parallel individual developments. Therefore, one of the aims of the seminar was to bring together an interdisciplinary community of researchers and practitioners of different disciplines. This interdisciplinary community discussed existing solutions, open challenges and future research directions for visual analytics of multilayer networks across disciplines. The seminar was attended by researchers from information visualization, visual analytics, complex systems and application domains. The application domains covered digital humanities, social sciences, biological sciences, and in public health research (25% of attendees were from these fields). The seminar not only provided multiple application domains for the visualization experts, but also also provided the domains experts with different groups of visualization experts in breakouts sessions, to expose them to multiple approaches to solving their problems. Building on this close working relationship between the visualization and domain experts, working groups were defined to determine which are the important challenges for multilayer network visualization. A number of sub-topics were identified that require further research: A unifying visualization framework, Novel Visual Encodings, Analytic and Attributes, Interaction, Evaluation, Use Cases and Human Factors. The outcomes of the seminar should stimulate collaborative research on these topics between our community, complex networks, and wide range of application domains for the visual analytics of multilayer networks

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Mikko Kivelä, Fintan McGee, Guy Melançon, Nathalie Henry Riche, and Tatiana von Landesberger. Visual Analytics of Multilayer Networks Across Disciplines (Dagstuhl Seminar 19061). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 2, pp. 1-26, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@Article{kivela_et_al:DagRep.9.2.1,
  author =	{Kivel\"{a}, Mikko and McGee, Fintan and Melan\c{c}on, Guy and Henry Riche, Nathalie and von Landesberger, Tatiana},
  title =	{{Visual Analytics of Multilayer Networks Across Disciplines (Dagstuhl Seminar 19061)}},
  pages =	{1--26},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{9},
  number =	{2},
  editor =	{Kivel\"{a}, Mikko and McGee, Fintan and Melan\c{c}on, Guy and Henry Riche, Nathalie and von Landesberger, Tatiana},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.9.2.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-108561},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.9.2.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: biological networks, complex systems, geographic networks, graph visualization, multilayer network visualization, social network analysis, visual analytics}
}
Document
Bringing CP, SAT and SMT together: Next Challenges in Constraint Solving (Dagstuhl Seminar 19062)

Authors: Sébastien Bardin, Nikolaj Bjørner, and Cristian Cadar


Abstract
This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 19062 "Bringing CP, SAT and SMT together: Next Challenges in Constraint Solving", whose main goals were to bring together leading researchers in the different subfields of automated reasoning and constraint solving, foster greater communication between these communities and exchange ideas about new research directions. Constraint solving is at the heart of several key technologies, including program analysis, testing, formal methods, compilers, security analysis, optimization, and AI. During the last two decades, constraint solving has been highly successful and transformative: on the one hand, SAT/SMT solvers have seen a significant performance improvement with a concomitant impact on software engineering, formal methods and security; on the other hand, CP solvers have also seen a dramatic performance improvement, with deep impact in AI and optimization. These successes bring new applications together with new challenges, not yet met by any current technology. The seminar brought together researchers from SAT, SMT and CP along with application researchers in order to foster cross-fertilization of ideas, deepen interactions, identify the best ways to serve the application fields and in turn help improve the solvers for specific domains.

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Sébastien Bardin, Nikolaj Bjørner, and Cristian Cadar. Bringing CP, SAT and SMT together: Next Challenges in Constraint Solving (Dagstuhl Seminar 19062). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 2, pp. 27-47, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@Article{bardin_et_al:DagRep.9.2.27,
  author =	{Bardin, S\'{e}bastien and Bj{\o}rner, Nikolaj and Cadar, Cristian},
  title =	{{Bringing CP, SAT and SMT together: Next Challenges in Constraint Solving (Dagstuhl Seminar 19062)}},
  pages =	{27--47},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{9},
  number =	{2},
  editor =	{Bardin, S\'{e}bastien and Bj{\o}rner, Nikolaj and Cadar, Cristian},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.9.2.27},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-108574},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.9.2.27},
  annote =	{Keywords: Automated Decision Procedures, Constraint Programming, SAT, SMT}
}
Document
Specification Formalisms for Modern Cyber-Physical Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 19071)

Authors: Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh, Oded Maler, and Dejan Nickovic


Abstract
This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 19071 "Specification Formalisms for Modern Cyber-Physical Systems." Specifications play a major role in evaluating behaviors of modern cyber-physical systems (CPS). There is currently no specification language that allows joint description of safety, performance, security, privacy, and reliability aspects of CPS applications. The Dagstuhl seminar brought together researchers and practitioners from formal methods, control theory, machine learning and robotics to discuss the state-of-the-art and open challenges in specifying properties of modern CPS. Special attention was given to exploring the intersection of machine learning and formal specification languages, where formal specifications can serve as a bridge between the world of verification and the world of learning and data-mining.

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Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh, Oded Maler, and Dejan Nickovic. Specification Formalisms for Modern Cyber-Physical Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 19071). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 2, pp. 48-72, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@Article{deshmukh_et_al:DagRep.9.2.48,
  author =	{Deshmukh, Jyotirmoy V. and Maler, Oded and Nickovic, Dejan},
  title =	{{Specification Formalisms for Modern Cyber-Physical Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 19071)}},
  pages =	{48--72},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{9},
  number =	{2},
  editor =	{Deshmukh, Jyotirmoy V. and Maler, Oded and Nickovic, Dejan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.9.2.48},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-108581},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.9.2.48},
  annote =	{Keywords: Cyber-physical systems, formal specifications, runtime verification and control}
}
Document
The Role of Non-monotonic Reasoning in Future Development of Artificial Intelligence (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 19072)

Authors: Anthony Hunter, Gabriele Kern-Isberner, Thomas Meyer, and Renata Wassermann


Abstract
This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 19072 "The Role of Non-monotonic Reasoning in Future Development of Artificial Intelligence". The workshop brought together researchers both from core topics and peripheral areas of non-monotonic reasoning (NMR), but also attracted researchers from other scientific domains in which recent developments have shown an increased relevance of NMR topics. The overall goal of this workshop was to reshape NMR as a core methodology for artificial intelligence being able to meet present and future challenges. Participants of this workshop discussed in what shape NMR would be useful for future AI, and how NMR can be developed for those requirements. The workshop started with brief survey talks and had some technical talks on central topics of NMR afterwards. These were followed by working groups on core aspects of NMR and potential links with learning. On the last day of the seminar, each working group presented their ideas and future plans. The workshop closed with a plenary discussion on the future of NMR.

Cite as

Anthony Hunter, Gabriele Kern-Isberner, Thomas Meyer, and Renata Wassermann. The Role of Non-monotonic Reasoning in Future Development of Artificial Intelligence (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 19072). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 2, pp. 73-90, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@Article{hunter_et_al:DagRep.9.2.73,
  author =	{Hunter, Anthony and Kern-Isberner, Gabriele and Meyer, Thomas and Wassermann, Renata},
  title =	{{The Role of Non-monotonic Reasoning in Future Development of Artificial Intelligence (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 19072)}},
  pages =	{73--90},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{9},
  number =	{2},
  editor =	{Hunter, Anthony and Kern-Isberner, Gabriele and Meyer, Thomas and Wassermann, Renata},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.9.2.73},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-108601},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.9.2.73},
  annote =	{Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Knowledge representation and reasoning, Nonmonotonic, default reasoning and belief revision, Probabilistic reasoning, Logic programming and answer set programming, Ontology engineering, Cognitive science, Machine learning}
}
Document
Verification and Synthesis of Human-Robot Interaction (Dagstuhl Seminar 19081)

Authors: Rachid Alami, Kerstin I. Eder, Guy Hoffman, and Hadas Kress-Gazit


Abstract
This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 19081 "Verification and Synthesis of Human-Robot Interaction". This seminar brought together researchers from two distinct communities - Formal Methods for Robotics, and Human-Robot Interaction - to discuss the path towards creating safe and verifiable autonomous systems that are compatible with humans.

Cite as

Rachid Alami, Kerstin I. Eder, Guy Hoffman, and Hadas Kress-Gazit. Verification and Synthesis of Human-Robot Interaction (Dagstuhl Seminar 19081). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 2, pp. 91-110, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@Article{alami_et_al:DagRep.9.2.91,
  author =	{Alami, Rachid and Eder, Kerstin I. and Hoffman, Guy and Kress-Gazit, Hadas},
  title =	{{Verification and Synthesis of Human-Robot Interaction (Dagstuhl Seminar 19081)}},
  pages =	{91--110},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{9},
  number =	{2},
  editor =	{Alami, Rachid and Eder, Kerstin I. and Hoffman, Guy and Kress-Gazit, Hadas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.9.2.91},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-108613},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.9.2.91},
  annote =	{Keywords: Formal Methods, Human-Robot Interaction}
}
Document
AI for the Social Good (Dagstuhl Seminar 19082)

Authors: Claudia Clopath, Ruben De Winne, Mohammad Emtiyaz Khan, and Tom Schaul


Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have made impressive progress in the last few years. Long-standing challenges like Go have fallen and the technology has entered daily use via the vision, speech or translation capabilities in billions of smartphones. The pace of research progress shows no signs of slowing down, and demand for talent is unprecedented. AI for Social Good in general is trying to ensure that the social good does not become an afterthought, but that society benefits as a whole. In this Dagstuhl seminar, we brought together AI and machine learning researchers with non-governmental organisations (NGOs), as they already pursue a social good goal, have rich domain knowledge, and vast networks with (non)-governmental actors in developing countries. Such collaborations benefit both sides: on the one hand, the new techniques can help with prediction, data analysis, modelling, or decision making. On the other hand, the NGOs' domains contain many non-standard conditions, like missing data, side-effects, or multiple competing objectives, all of which are fascinating research challenges in themselves. And of course, publication impact is substantially enhanced when a method has real-world impact. In this workshop, researchers and practitioners from diverse areas of machine learning joined stakeholders from a range of NGOs to spend a week together. We first pursued an improved understanding of each side's challenges and established a common language, via presentations and discussion groups. We identified ten key challenges for AI for Social Good initiatives. To make matters concrete, we organised a hackathon around some existing technical questions within the NGOs to scope the applicability of AI methods and seed collaborations. Finally, we defined guidelines and next steps for future AI for Social Good initiatives.

Cite as

Claudia Clopath, Ruben De Winne, Mohammad Emtiyaz Khan, and Tom Schaul. AI for the Social Good (Dagstuhl Seminar 19082). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 2, pp. 111-122, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@Article{clopath_et_al:DagRep.9.2.111,
  author =	{Clopath, Claudia and De Winne, Ruben and Khan, Mohammad Emtiyaz and Schaul, Tom},
  title =	{{AI for the Social Good (Dagstuhl Seminar 19082)}},
  pages =	{111--122},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{9},
  number =	{2},
  editor =	{Clopath, Claudia and De Winne, Ruben and Khan, Mohammad Emtiyaz and Schaul, Tom},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.9.2.111},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-108620},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.9.2.111},
  annote =	{Keywords: Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Social Good, NGO, sustainable development goals, Non-governmental organisation}
}
Document
Beyond-Planar Graphs: Combinatorics, Models and Algorithms (Dagstuhl Seminar 19092)

Authors: Seok-Hee Hong, Michael Kaufmann, János Pach, and Csaba D. Tóth


Abstract
This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 19092 "Beyond-Planar Graphs: Combinatorics, Models and Algorithms" which brought together 36 researchers in the areas of graph theory, combinatorics, computational geometry, and graph drawing. This seminar continued the work initiated in Dagstuhl Seminar 16452 "Beyond-Planar Graphs: Algorithmics and Combinatorics" and focused on the exploration of structural properties and the development of algorithms for so-called beyond-planar graphs, i.e., non-planar graphs that admit a drawing with topological constraints such as specific types of crossings, or with some forbidden crossing patterns. The seminar began with four talks about the results of scientific collaborations originating from the previous Dagstuhl seminar. Next we discussed open research problems about beyond planar graphs, such as their combinatorial structures (e.g., book thickness, queue number), their topology (e.g., simultaneous embeddability, gap planarity, quasi-quasiplanarity), their geometric representations (e.g., representations on few segments or arcs), and applications (e.g., manipulation of graph drawings by untangling operations). Six working groups were formed that investigated several of the open research questions. In addition, talks on related subjects and recent conference contributions were presented in the morning opening sessions. Abstracts of all talks and a report from each working group are included in this report.

Cite as

Seok-Hee Hong, Michael Kaufmann, János Pach, and Csaba D. Tóth. Beyond-Planar Graphs: Combinatorics, Models and Algorithms (Dagstuhl Seminar 19092). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 2, pp. 123-156, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@Article{hong_et_al:DagRep.9.2.123,
  author =	{Hong, Seok-Hee and Kaufmann, Michael and Pach, J\'{a}nos and T\'{o}th, Csaba D.},
  title =	{{Beyond-Planar Graphs: Combinatorics, Models and Algorithms (Dagstuhl Seminar 19092)}},
  pages =	{123--156},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{9},
  number =	{2},
  editor =	{Hong, Seok-Hee and Kaufmann, Michael and Pach, J\'{a}nos and T\'{o}th, Csaba D.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.9.2.123},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-108634},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.9.2.123},
  annote =	{Keywords: combinatorial geometry, geometric algorithms, graph algorithms, graph drawing, graph theory, network visualization}
}

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