Volume
OASIcs, Volume 77
Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2020)
-
Part of:
Series:
Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)
Conference: Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES)
Event
NG-RES 2020, January 21, 2020, Bologna, ItalyEditors
Publication Details
- published at: 2020-01-20
- Publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
- ISBN: 978-3-95977-136-8
- DBLP: db/conf/hipeac/ngres2020
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- Detailed Access Statistics available here
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Document
Complete Volume
OASIcs, Volume 77, NG-RES'20, Complete Volume
Abstract
OASIcs, Volume 77, NG-RES'20, Complete Volume
Cite as
Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2020). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 77, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)
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@Proceedings{bertogna_et_al:OASIcs.NG-RES.2020,
title = {{OASIcs, Volume 77, NG-RES'20, Complete Volume}},
booktitle = {Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2020)},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-136-8},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2020},
volume = {77},
editor = {Bertogna, Marko and Terraneo, Federico},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2020},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-117852},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2020},
annote = {Keywords: Computer systems organization, Real-time systems, Embedded and cyber-physical systems}
}
Document
Front Matter
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Abstract
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Cite as
Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2020). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 77, pp. 0:i-0:x, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)
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@InProceedings{bertogna_et_al:OASIcs.NG-RES.2020.0,
author = {Bertogna, Marko and Terraneo, Federico},
title = {{Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}},
booktitle = {Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2020)},
pages = {0:i--0:x},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-136-8},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2020},
volume = {77},
editor = {Bertogna, Marko and Terraneo, Federico},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2020.0},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-117763},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2020.0},
annote = {Keywords: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}
}
Document
Invited Talk
SDN for Dynamic Reservations on Real-Time Networks (Invited Talk)
Abstract
Recent growing frameworks such as the IoT, IIot, Cloud/Fog/Edge computing, CPS, etc, bring the networking platforms on which they rely to the spotlight, as first class citizens of an increasingly software-dependent landscape. As a result, networks play an increasingly central role in supporting the needed system-wide properties. In particular, we have been working to provide openness and adaptivity together with timeliness guarantees. This combination seems fundamental to support inherently dynamic applications in a resource efficient way, covering not only the cases of systems of systems, systems with variable number of users, components or resources but also systems that undergo frequent live maintenance and even reconfiguration during their lifetime. Examples range from autonomous vehicles to collaborative robotics, remote interactions, fog/edge computing, flexible manufacturing, etc.
We postulate that combining openess and adaptivity with guaranteed timeliness can only be achieved with an adequate communication abstraction supported on adequate protocols. To this end, we have been proposing channel reservation-based communication as a means to provide scalable and open latency-constrained communication and thus enable a more efficient system design.
In this talk we will show our recent work in using Software-Defined Networking (SDN) to provide standard interfaces for traffic flexibility. We proposed extending the SDN OpenFlow protocol with adequate services to take advantage of flexible real-time communication protocols and thus provide standard interfaces for flexible real-time reservations, too. We call it the Real-Time OpenFlow framework (RTOF). We end describing and assessing a prototype implementation based on the HaRTES Ethernet switches.
Cite as
Luis Almeida. SDN for Dynamic Reservations on Real-Time Networks (Invited Talk). In Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2020). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 77, p. 1:1, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)
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@InProceedings{almeida:OASIcs.NG-RES.2020.1,
author = {Almeida, Luis},
title = {{SDN for Dynamic Reservations on Real-Time Networks}},
booktitle = {Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2020)},
pages = {1:1--1:1},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-136-8},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2020},
volume = {77},
editor = {Bertogna, Marko and Terraneo, Federico},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2020.1},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-117774},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2020.1},
annote = {Keywords: Latency-constrained networks, Real-time communication, Software-defined networking}
}
Document
Energy Minimization in DAG Scheduling on MPSoCs at Run-Time: Theory and Practice
Abstract
Static (offline) techniques for mapping applications given by task graphs to MPSoC systems often deliver overly pessimistic and thus suboptimal results w.r.t. exploiting time slack in order to minimize the energy consumption. This holds true in particular in case computation times of tasks may be workload-dependent and becoming known only at runtime or in case of conditionally executed tasks or scenarios. This paper studies and quantitatively evaluates different classes of algorithms for scheduling periodic applications given by task graphs (i.e., DAGs) with precedence constraints and a global deadline on homogeneous MPSoCs purely at runtime on a per-instance base. We present and analyze algorithms providing provably optimal results as well as approximation algorithms with proven guarantees on the achieved energy savings. For problem instances taken from realistic embedded system benchmarks as well as synthetic scalable problems, we provide results on the computation time and quality of each algorithm to perform a) scheduling and b) voltage/speed assignments for each task at runtime. In our portfolio, we distinguish as well continuous and discrete speed (e.g., DVFS-related) assignment problems. In summary, the presented ties between theory (algorithmic complexity and optimality) and execution time analysis deliver important insights on the practical usability of the presented algorithms for runtime optimization of task scheduling and speed assignment on MPSoCs.
Cite as
Bertrand Simon, Joachim Falk, Nicole Megow, and Jürgen Teich. Energy Minimization in DAG Scheduling on MPSoCs at Run-Time: Theory and Practice. In Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2020). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 77, pp. 2:1-2:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)
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@InProceedings{simon_et_al:OASIcs.NG-RES.2020.2,
author = {Simon, Bertrand and Falk, Joachim and Megow, Nicole and Teich, J\"{u}rgen},
title = {{Energy Minimization in DAG Scheduling on MPSoCs at Run-Time: Theory and Practice}},
booktitle = {Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2020)},
pages = {2:1--2:13},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-136-8},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2020},
volume = {77},
editor = {Bertogna, Marko and Terraneo, Federico},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2020.2},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-117781},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2020.2},
annote = {Keywords: energy minimization, speed scaling, precedence graphs, scheduling, critical path, MPSoC}
}
Document
Bao: A Lightweight Static Partitioning Hypervisor for Modern Multi-Core Embedded Systems
Abstract
Given the increasingly complex and mixed-criticality nature of modern embedded systems, virtualization emerges as a natural solution to achieve strong spatial and temporal isolation. Widely used hypervisors such as KVM and Xen were not designed having embedded constraints and requirements in mind. The static partitioning architecture pioneered by Jailhouse seems to address embedded concerns. However, Jailhouse still depends on Linux to boot and manage its VMs. In this paper, we present the Bao hypervisor, a minimal, standalone and clean-slate implementation of the static partitioning architecture for Armv8 and RISC-V platforms. Preliminary results regarding size, boot, performance, and interrupt latency, show this approach incurs only minimal virtualization overhead. Bao will soon be publicly available, in hopes of engaging both industry and academia on improving Bao’s safety, security, and real-time guarantees.
Cite as
José Martins, Adriano Tavares, Marco Solieri, Marko Bertogna, and Sandro Pinto. Bao: A Lightweight Static Partitioning Hypervisor for Modern Multi-Core Embedded Systems. In Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2020). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 77, pp. 3:1-3:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)
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@InProceedings{martins_et_al:OASIcs.NG-RES.2020.3,
author = {Martins, Jos\'{e} and Tavares, Adriano and Solieri, Marco and Bertogna, Marko and Pinto, Sandro},
title = {{Bao: A Lightweight Static Partitioning Hypervisor for Modern Multi-Core Embedded Systems}},
booktitle = {Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2020)},
pages = {3:1--3:14},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-136-8},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2020},
volume = {77},
editor = {Bertogna, Marko and Terraneo, Federico},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2020.3},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-117795},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2020.3},
annote = {Keywords: Virtualization, hypervisor, static partitioning, safety, security, real-time, embedded systems, Arm, RISC-V}
}
Document
A Low Energy FPGA Platform for Real-Time Event-Based Control
Abstract
We present a wireless sensor node suitable for event-based real-time control networks. The node achieves low-power operation thanks to tight clock synchronisation with the network master (at present we refer to a star network but extensions are envisaged). Also, the node does not employ any programmable device but rather an FPGA, thus being inherently immune to attacks based on code tampering. Experimental results on a simple laboratory apparatus are presented.
Cite as
Silvano Seva, Claudia Esther Lukaschewsky Mauriziano, William Fornaciari, and Alberto Leva. A Low Energy FPGA Platform for Real-Time Event-Based Control. In Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2020). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 77, pp. 4:1-4:11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)
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@InProceedings{seva_et_al:OASIcs.NG-RES.2020.4,
author = {Seva, Silvano and Lukaschewsky Mauriziano, Claudia Esther and Fornaciari, William and Leva, Alberto},
title = {{A Low Energy FPGA Platform for Real-Time Event-Based Control}},
booktitle = {Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2020)},
pages = {4:1--4:11},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-136-8},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2020},
volume = {77},
editor = {Bertogna, Marko and Terraneo, Federico},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2020.4},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-117808},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2020.4},
annote = {Keywords: real-time, event-based control, FPGA, wireless control networks}
}
Document
Real-Time Task Migration for Dynamic Resource Management in Many-Core Systems
Abstract
Dynamic resource management strategies in embedded many-core systems rely on task migration to adapt the deployment (mapping) of applications dynamically, e.g., for thermal/power management or load balancing. In case of hard real-time applications, however, the current practice of on-line application adaptation is limited to reconfiguring the whole application between a set of statically computed mappings with statically verified timing guarantees. This heavily restricts the application’s adaptability. To enable hard real-time task migrations in many-core systems without relying on a static analysis, this paper presents (i) a predictable task migration mechanism supported with (ii) a lightweight migration timing analysis and (iii) a lightweight migration timing feasibility check which can be applied on-line to bound on the worst-case temporal overhead of a migration and examine the admissibility of this overhead w.r.t. the hard real-time requirements of the application. For a variety of applications and many-core platforms, we experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of hard real-time task migrations, the lightness of the proposed timing analysis and feasibility check for on-line use, and the advantage of the proposed task migration approach over mapping reconfiguration as the state-of-the-art real-time adaptation approach for many-core systems.
Cite as
Behnaz Pourmohseni, Fedor Smirnov, Stefan Wildermann, and Jürgen Teich. Real-Time Task Migration for Dynamic Resource Management in Many-Core Systems. In Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2020). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 77, pp. 5:1-5:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)
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@InProceedings{pourmohseni_et_al:OASIcs.NG-RES.2020.5,
author = {Pourmohseni, Behnaz and Smirnov, Fedor and Wildermann, Stefan and Teich, J\"{u}rgen},
title = {{Real-Time Task Migration for Dynamic Resource Management in Many-Core Systems}},
booktitle = {Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2020)},
pages = {5:1--5:14},
series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-136-8},
ISSN = {2190-6807},
year = {2020},
volume = {77},
editor = {Bertogna, Marko and Terraneo, Federico},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2020.5},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-117816},
doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2020.5},
annote = {Keywords: Hard real-time, task migration, timing analysis, dynamic resource management, multi-core, many-core}
}