The paper focuses on the structure of fundamental sequences of ordinals smaller than $\e$. A first result is the construction of a monadic second-order formula identifying a given structure, whereas such a formula cannot exist for ordinals themselves. The structures are precisely classified in the pushdown hierarchy. Ordinals are also located in the hierarchy, and a direct presentation is given.
@InProceedings{braud:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2009.2310, author = {Braud, Laurent}, title = {{Covering of ordinals}}, booktitle = {IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science}, pages = {97--108}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-939897-13-2}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2009}, volume = {4}, editor = {Kannan, Ravi and Narayan Kumar, K.}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2009.2310}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-23108}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2009.2310}, annote = {Keywords: Ordinal theory, pushdown hierarchy, fundamental sequence, monadic second-order logic, prefix-recognizable graphs} }
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