Graph Isomorphism for K_{3,3}-free and K_5-free graphs is in Log-space

Abstract

Graph isomorphism is an important and widely studied computational problem with
a yet unsettled complexity.
However, the exact complexity is known for isomorphism of various classes of
graphs. Recently, \cite{DLNTW09} proved that planar isomorphism is complete for log-space.
We extend this result %of \cite{DLNTW09} 
further to the classes of graphs which exclude $K_{3,3}$ or $K_5$ as
a minor, and give a log-space algorithm.

Our algorithm decomposes $K_{3,3}$ minor-free graphs into biconnected and those further into triconnected
components, which are known to be either planar or $K_5$ components \cite{Vaz89}. This gives a triconnected
component tree similar to that for planar graphs. An extension of the log-space algorithm of \cite{DLNTW09}
can then be used to decide the isomorphism problem.

For $K_5$ minor-free graphs, we consider $3$-connected components.
These are either planar or isomorphic to the four-rung mobius ladder on $8$ vertices
or, with a further decomposition, one obtains planar $4$-connected components \cite{Khu88}.
We give an algorithm to get a unique
decomposition of $K_5$ minor-free graphs into bi-, tri- and $4$-connected components,
and construct trees, accordingly.
Since the algorithm of \cite{DLNTW09} does
not deal with four-connected component trees, it needs to be modified in a quite non-trivial way.