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On Unambiguous Regular Tree Languages of Index (0,2)

Authors Jacques Duparc, Kevin Fournier, Szczepan Hummel

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Jacques Duparc
Kevin Fournier
Szczepan Hummel

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Jacques Duparc, Kevin Fournier, and Szczepan Hummel. On Unambiguous Regular Tree Languages of Index (0,2). In 24th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2015). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 41, pp. 534-548, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2015)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2015.534

Abstract

Unambiguous automata are usually seen as a natural class of automata in-between deterministic and nondeterministic ones. We show that in case of infinite tree languages, the unambiguous ones are topologically far more complicated than the deterministic ones. We do so by providing operations that generate a family (A_{alpha})_{alpha < phi_2(0)} of unambiguous automata such that: 1. It respects the strict Wadge ordering: alpha < beta if and only if A_{alpha} <_W A_{beta}. This can be established without the help of any determinacy principle, simply by providing effective winning strategies in the underlying games. 2. Its length (phi_2(0)) is the first fixpoint of the ordinal function that itself enumerates all fixpoints of the ordinal exponentiation x |-> omega^x: an ordinal tremendously larger than (omega^(omega))^3 +3 which is the height of the Wadge hierarchy of deterministic tree languages as uncovered by Filip Murlak. 3. The priorities of all these parity automata only range from 0 to 2.
Keywords
  • Tree Automata
  • Unambiguity
  • Wadge Hierarchy.

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