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Near-Optimal Decremental Hopsets with Applications

Authors Jakub Łącki, Yasamin Nazari

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  • Theory of computation → Dynamic graph algorithms
Keywords
  • Dynamic Algorithms
  • Data Structures
  • Shortest Paths
  • Hopsets

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Abstract

Given a weighted undirected graph G = (V,E,w), a hopset H of hopbound β and stretch (1+ε) is a set of edges such that for any pair of nodes u, v ∈ V, there is a path in G ∪ H of at most β hops, whose length is within a (1+ε) factor from the distance between u and v in G. We show the first efficient decremental algorithm for maintaining hopsets with a polylogarithmic hopbound. The update time of our algorithm matches the best known static algorithm up to polylogarithmic factors. All the previous decremental hopset constructions had a superpolylogarithmic (but subpolynomial) hopbound of 2^{log^{Ω(1)} n} [Bernstein, FOCS'09; HKN, FOCS'14; Chechik, FOCS'18].
By applying our decremental hopset construction, we get improved or near optimal bounds for several distance problems. Most importantly, we show how to decrementally maintain (2k-1)(1+ε)-approximate all-pairs shortest paths (for any constant k ≥ 2), in Õ(n^{1/k}) amortized update time and O(k) query time. This improves (by a polynomial factor) over the update-time of the best previously known decremental algorithm in the constant query time regime. Moreover, it improves over the result of [Chechik, FOCS'18] that has a query time of O(log log(nW)), where W is the aspect ratio, and the amortized update time is n^{1/k}⋅(1/ε)^{Õ(√{log n})}). For sparse graphs our construction nearly matches the best known static running time / query time tradeoff. 
We also obtain near-optimal bounds for maintaining approximate multi-source shortest paths and distance sketches, and get improved bounds for approximate single-source shortest paths. Our algorithms are randomized and our bounds hold with high probability against an oblivious adversary.

Cite As Get BibTex

Jakub Łącki and Yasamin Nazari. Near-Optimal Decremental Hopsets with Applications. In 49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 229, pp. 86:1-86:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.86

Author Details

Jakub Łącki
  • Google Research, New York, NY, USA
Yasamin Nazari
  • Universität Salzburg, Austria

Funding

  • Nazari, Yasamin: This work was conducted in part while the author was an intern at Google and a PhD student at Johns Hopkins University. Supported in part by NSF award CCF-1909111 and by Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grant P 32863-N.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Michael Dinitz and Sebastian Forster for the helpful discussions.

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