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Dynamic Meta-Theorems for Distance and Matching

Authors Samir Datta, Chetan Gupta, Rahul Jain , Anish Mukherjee , Vimal Raj Sharma, Raghunath Tewari

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Author Details

Samir Datta
  • Chennai Mathematical Institute, India
Chetan Gupta
  • Aalto University, Finland
Rahul Jain
  • Fernuniversität in Hagen, Germany
Anish Mukherjee
  • University of Warsaw, Poland
  • IDEAS NCBR, Warsaw, Poland
Vimal Raj Sharma
  • Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
Raghunath Tewari
  • Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India

Funding

  • Datta, Samir: Partially funded by a grant from Infosys foundation and SERB-MATRICS grant MTR/2017/000480.
  • Gupta, Chetan: Supported by Academy of Finland, Grant 321901.
  • Mukherjee, Anish: Partally supported by the ERC CoG grant TUgbOAT no 772346.
  • Sharma, Vimal Raj: Ministry of Electronics and IT, India, VVS PhD program.
  • Tewari, Raghunath: Young Faculty Research Fellowship, Ministry of Electronics and IT, India.

Acknowledgements

SD and AM would like to thank Nils Vortmeier and Thomas Zeume for their comments on Section 7.

Cite As Get BibTex

Samir Datta, Chetan Gupta, Rahul Jain, Anish Mukherjee, Vimal Raj Sharma, and Raghunath Tewari. Dynamic Meta-Theorems for Distance and Matching. In 49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 229, pp. 118:1-118:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.118

Abstract

Reachability, distance, and matching are some of the most fundamental graph problems that have been of particular interest in dynamic complexity theory in recent years [Samir Datta et al., 2018; Samir Datta et al., 2018; Samir Datta et al., 2020]. Reachability can be maintained with first-order update formulas, or equivalently in DynFO in general graphs with n nodes [Samir Datta et al., 2018], even under O(log(n)/log log(n)) changes per step [Samir Datta et al., 2018]. In the context of how large the number of changes can be handled, it has recently been shown [Samir Datta et al., 2020] that under a polylogarithmic number of changes, reachability is in DynFOpar in planar, bounded treewidth, and related graph classes - in fact in any graph where small non-zero circulation weights can be computed in NC. 
We continue this line of investigation and extend the meta-theorem for reachability to distance and bipartite maximum matching with the same bounds. These are amongst the most general classes of graphs known where we can maintain these problems deterministically without using a majority quantifier and even maintain witnesses. For the bipartite matching result, modifying the approach from [Stephen A. Fenner et al., 2016], we convert the static non-zero circulation weights to dynamic matching-isolating weights. 
While reachability is in DynFOar under O(log(n)/log log(n)) changes, no such bound is known for either distance or matching in any non-trivial class of graphs under non-constant changes. We show that, in the same classes of graphs as before, bipartite maximum matching is in DynFOar under O(log(n)/log log(n)) changes per step. En route to showing this we prove that the rank of a matrix can be maintained in DynFOar, also under O(log(n)/log log(n)) entry changes, improving upon the previous O(1) bound [Samir Datta et al., 2018]. This implies a similar extension for the non-uniform DynFO bound for maximum matching in general graphs and an alternate algorithm for maintaining reachability under O(log(n)/log log(n)) changes [Samir Datta et al., 2018].

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Complexity theory and logic
  • Theory of computation → Finite Model Theory
Keywords
  • Dynamic Complexity
  • Distance
  • Matching
  • Derandomization
  • Isolation
  • Matrix Rank

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