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Almost Universally Optimal Distributed Laplacian Solvers via Low-Congestion Shortcuts

Authors Ioannis Anagnostides, Christoph Lenzen, Bernhard Haeupler, Goran Zuzic, Themis Gouleakis

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Author Details

Ioannis Anagnostides
  • Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Christoph Lenzen
  • CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbrücken, Germany
Bernhard Haeupler
  • ETH Zürich, Switzerland
Goran Zuzic
  • ETH Zürich, Switzerland
Themis Gouleakis
  • National University of Singapore, Singapore

Funding

  • Haeupler, Bernhard: Supported in part by NSF grants CCF-1814603, CCF-1910588, NSF CAREER award CCF-1750808, a Sloan Research Fellowship, funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERC grant agreement 949272), and the Swiss National Foundation (project grant 200021-184735).
  • Zuzic, Goran: Supported in part by the Swiss National Foundation (project grant 200021-184735).
  • Gouleakis, Themis: Supported in part by an NRF Fellowship for AI (R-252-000-A33-133). Part of the work was done while visiting the Simons Institute for Theory of Computing).

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable feedback.

Cite As Get BibTex

Ioannis Anagnostides, Christoph Lenzen, Bernhard Haeupler, Goran Zuzic, and Themis Gouleakis. Almost Universally Optimal Distributed Laplacian Solvers via Low-Congestion Shortcuts. In 36th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 246, pp. 6:1-6:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2022.6

Abstract

In this paper, we refine the (almost) existentially optimal distributed Laplacian solver recently developed by Forster, Goranci, Liu, Peng, Sun, and Ye (FOCS `21) into an (almost) universally optimal distributed Laplacian solver.
Specifically, when the topology is known (i.e., the Supported-CONGEST model), we show that any Laplacian system on an n-node graph with shortcut quality SQ(G) can be solved after n^{o(1)} SQ(G) log(1/ε) rounds, where ε is the required accuracy. This almost matches our lower bound that guarantees that any correct algorithm on G requires Ω̃(SQ(G)) rounds, even for a crude solution with ε ≤ 1/2. Several important implications hold in the unknown-topology (i.e., standard CONGEST) case: for excluded-minor graphs we get an almost universally optimal algorithm that terminates in D ⋅ n^{o(1)} log(1/ε) rounds, where D is the hop-diameter of the network; as well as n^{o(1)} log (1/ε)-round algorithms for the case of SQ(G) ≤ n^{o(1)}, which holds for most networks of interest. Conditioned on improvements in state-of-the-art constructions of low-congestion shortcuts, the CONGEST results will match the Supported-CONGEST ones.
Moreover, following a recent line of work in distributed algorithms, we consider a hybrid communication model which enhances CONGEST with limited global power in the form of the node-capacitated clique (NCC) model. In this model, we show the existence of a Laplacian solver with round complexity n^{o(1)} log(1/ε).
The unifying thread of these results, and our main technical contribution, is the study of a novel ρ-congested generalization of the standard part-wise aggregation problem. We develop near-optimal algorithms for this primitive in the Supported-CONGEST model, almost-optimal algorithms in (standard) CONGEST (with the additional overhead due to standard barriers), as well as a simple algorithm for bounded-treewidth graphs with a quadratic dependence on the congestion ρ. This primitive can be readily used to accelerate the Laplacian solver of Forster, Goranci, Liu, Peng, Sun, and Ye, and we believe it will find further independent applications in the future.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Distributed algorithms
Keywords
  • Distributed algorithms
  • Laplacian solvers
  • low-congestion shortcuts

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