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Effective Auxiliary Variables via Structured Reencoding

Authors Andrew Haberlandt , Harrison Green , Marijn J. H. Heule

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Author Details

Andrew Haberlandt
  • Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Harrison Green
  • Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Marijn J. H. Heule
  • Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Funding

The authors are supported by National Science Foundation grant CCF-2015445.
  • Haberlandt, Andrew: NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Grant No. DGE-2140739.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Bernardo Subercaseaux for his assistance revising this paper, and the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center for allowing us to use the Bridges2 [Brown et al., 2021] cluster for our experiments.

Cite As Get BibTex

Andrew Haberlandt, Harrison Green, and Marijn J. H. Heule. Effective Auxiliary Variables via Structured Reencoding. In 26th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 271, pp. 11:1-11:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2023.11

Abstract

Extended resolution shows that auxiliary variables are very powerful in theory. However, attempts to exploit this potential in practice have had limited success. One reasonably effective method in this regard is bounded variable addition (BVA), which automatically reencodes formulas by introducing new variables and eliminating clauses, often significantly reducing formula size. We find motivating examples suggesting that the performance improvement caused by BVA stems not only from this size reduction but also from the introduction of effective auxiliary variables. Analyzing specific packing-coloring instances, we discover that BVA is fragile with respect to formula randomization, relying on variable order to break ties. With this understanding, we augment BVA with a heuristic for breaking ties in a structured way. We evaluate our new preprocessing technique, Structured BVA (SBVA), on more than 29 000 formulas from previous SAT competitions and show that it is robust to randomization. In a simulated competition setting, our implementation outperforms BVA on both randomized and original formulas, and appears to be well-suited for certain families of formulas.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Logic and verification
Keywords
  • Reencoding
  • Auxiliary Variables
  • Extended Resolution

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References

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