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An Embarrassingly Parallel Optimal-Space Cardinality Estimation Algorithm

Author Emin Karayel

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Emin Karayel
  • Department of Computer Science, Technische Universität München, Germany

Acknowledgements

Thanks to the anonymous reviewers for their careful review and helpful comments and to Tobias Nipkow for many helpful discussions.

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Emin Karayel. An Embarrassingly Parallel Optimal-Space Cardinality Estimation Algorithm. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 275, pp. 35:1-35:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2023.35

Abstract

In 2020 Błasiok (ACM Trans. Algorithms 16(2) 3:1-3:28) constructed an optimal space streaming algorithm for the cardinality estimation problem with the space complexity of O(ε^{-2} ln(δ^{-1}) + ln n) where ε, δ and n denote the relative accuracy, failure probability and universe size, respectively. However, his solution requires the stream to be processed sequentially. On the other hand, there are algorithms that admit a merge operation; they can be used in a distributed setting, allowing parallel processing of sections of the stream, and are highly relevant for large-scale distributed applications. The best-known such algorithm, unfortunately, has a space complexity exceeding Ω(ln(δ^{-1}) (ε^{-2} ln ln n + ln n)). This work presents a new algorithm that improves on the solution by Błasiok, preserving its space complexity, but with the benefit that it admits such a merge operation, thus providing an optimal solution for the problem for both sequential and parallel applications. Orthogonally, the new algorithm also improves algorithmically on Błasiok’s solution (even in the sequential setting) by reducing its implementation complexity and requiring fewer distinct pseudo-random objects.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Mathematics of computing → Probabilistic algorithms
  • Theory of computation → Pseudorandomness and derandomization
  • Theory of computation → Distributed algorithms
  • Theory of computation → Sketching and sampling
Keywords
  • Distinct Elements
  • Distributed Algorithms
  • Randomized Algorithms
  • Expander Graphs
  • Derandomization
  • Sketching

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