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Documents authored by Belmonte, Rémy

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2020.14
Grundy Distinguishes Treewidth from Pathwidth

Authors: Rémy Belmonte, Eun Jung Kim, Michael Lampis, Valia Mitsou, and Yota Otachi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 173, 28th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2020)

Abstract
Structural graph parameters, such as treewidth, pathwidth, and clique-width, are a central topic of study in parameterized complexity. A main aim of research in this area is to understand the "price of generality" of these widths: as we transition from more restrictive to more general notions, which are the problems that see their complexity status deteriorate from fixed-parameter tractable to intractable? This type of question is by now very well-studied, but, somewhat strikingly, the algorithmic frontier between the two (arguably) most central width notions, treewidth and pathwidth, is still not understood: currently, no natural graph problem is known to be W-hard for one but FPT for the other. Indeed, a surprising development of the last few years has been the observation that for many of the most paradigmatic problems, their complexities for the two parameters actually coincide exactly, despite the fact that treewidth is a much more general parameter. It would thus appear that the extra generality of treewidth over pathwidth often comes "for free". Our main contribution in this paper is to uncover the first natural example where this generality comes with a high price. We consider Grundy Coloring, a variation of coloring where one seeks to calculate the worst possible coloring that could be assigned to a graph by a greedy First-Fit algorithm. We show that this well-studied problem is FPT parameterized by pathwidth; however, it becomes significantly harder (W[1]-hard) when parameterized by treewidth. Furthermore, we show that Grundy Coloring makes a second complexity jump for more general widths, as it becomes para-NP-hard for clique-width. Hence, Grundy Coloring nicely captures the complexity trade-offs between the three most well-studied parameters. Completing the picture, we show that Grundy Coloring is FPT parameterized by modular-width.
Cite as

Rémy Belmonte, Eun Jung Kim, Michael Lampis, Valia Mitsou, and Yota Otachi. Grundy Distinguishes Treewidth from Pathwidth. In 28th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 173, pp. 14:1-14:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{belmonte_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2020.14,
  author =	{Belmonte, R\'{e}my and Kim, Eun Jung and Lampis, Michael and Mitsou, Valia and Otachi, Yota},
  title =	{{Grundy Distinguishes Treewidth from Pathwidth}},
  booktitle =	{28th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2020)},
  pages =	{14:1--14:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-162-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{173},
  editor =	{Grandoni, Fabrizio and Herman, Grzegorz and Sanders, Peter},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2020.14},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-128803},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2020.14},
  annote =	{Keywords: Treewidth, Pathwidth, Clique-width, Grundy Coloring}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.13
Token Sliding on Split Graphs

Authors: Rémy Belmonte, Eun Jung Kim, Michael Lampis, Valia Mitsou, Yota Otachi, and Florian Sikora

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 126, 36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019)

Abstract
We consider the complexity of the Independent Set Reconfiguration problem under the Token Sliding rule. In this problem we are given two independent sets of a graph and are asked if we can transform one to the other by repeatedly exchanging a vertex that is currently in the set with one of its neighbors, while maintaining the set independent. Our main result is to show that this problem is PSPACE-complete on split graphs (and hence also on chordal graphs), thus resolving an open problem in this area. We then go on to consider the c-Colorable Reconfiguration problem under the same rule, where the constraint is now to maintain the set c-colorable at all times. As one may expect, a simple modification of our reduction shows that this more general problem is PSPACE-complete for all fixed c >= 1 on chordal graphs. Somewhat surprisingly, we show that the same cannot be said for split graphs: we give a polynomial time (n^{O(c)}) algorithm for all fixed values of c, except c=1, for which the problem is PSPACE-complete. We complement our algorithm with a lower bound showing that c-Colorable Reconfiguration is W[2]-hard on split graphs parameterized by c and the length of the solution, as well as a tight ETH-based lower bound for both parameters.
Cite as

Rémy Belmonte, Eun Jung Kim, Michael Lampis, Valia Mitsou, Yota Otachi, and Florian Sikora. Token Sliding on Split Graphs. In 36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 126, pp. 13:1-13:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{belmonte_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2019.13,
  author =	{Belmonte, R\'{e}my and Kim, Eun Jung and Lampis, Michael and Mitsou, Valia and Otachi, Yota and Sikora, Florian},
  title =	{{Token Sliding on Split Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019)},
  pages =	{13:1--13:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-100-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{126},
  editor =	{Niedermeier, Rolf and Paul, Christophe},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-102529},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: reconfiguration, independent set, split graph}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2018.67
New Results on Directed Edge Dominating Set

Authors: Rémy Belmonte, Tesshu Hanaka, Ioannis Katsikarelis, Eun Jung Kim, and Michael Lampis

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 117, 43rd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2018)

Abstract
We study a family of generalizations of Edge Dominating Set on directed graphs called Directed (p,q)-Edge Dominating Set. In this problem an arc (u,v) is said to dominate itself, as well as all arcs which are at distance at most q from v, or at distance at most p to u. First, we give significantly improved FPT algorithms for the two most important cases of the problem, (0,1)-dEDS and (1,1)-dEDS (that correspond to versions of Dominating Set on line graphs), as well as polynomial kernels. We also improve the best-known approximation for these cases from logarithmic to constant. In addition, we show that (p,q)-dEDS is FPT parameterized by p+q+tw, but W-hard parameterized just by tw, where tw is the treewidth of the underlying graph of the input. We then go on to focus on the complexity of the problem on tournaments. Here, we provide a complete classification for every possible fixed value of p,q, which shows that the problem exhibits a surprising behavior, including cases which are in P; cases which are solvable in quasi-polynomial time but not in P; and a single case (p=q=1) which is NP-hard (under randomized reductions) and cannot be solved in sub-exponential time, under standard assumptions.
Cite as

Rémy Belmonte, Tesshu Hanaka, Ioannis Katsikarelis, Eun Jung Kim, and Michael Lampis. New Results on Directed Edge Dominating Set. In 43rd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 117, pp. 67:1-67:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{belmonte_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2018.67,
  author =	{Belmonte, R\'{e}my and Hanaka, Tesshu and Katsikarelis, Ioannis and Kim, Eun Jung and Lampis, Michael},
  title =	{{New Results on Directed Edge Dominating Set}},
  booktitle =	{43rd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2018)},
  pages =	{67:1--67:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-086-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{117},
  editor =	{Potapov, Igor and Spirakis, Paul and Worrell, James},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2018.67},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-96490},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2018.67},
  annote =	{Keywords: Edge Dominating Set, Tournaments, Treewidth}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2018.5
How Bad is the Freedom to Flood-It?

Authors: Rémy Belmonte, Mehdi Khosravian Ghadikolaei, Masashi Kiyomi, Michael Lampis, and Yota Otachi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 100, 9th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2018)

Abstract
Fixed-Flood-It and Free-Flood-It are combinatorial problems on graphs that generalize a very popular puzzle called Flood-It. Both problems consist of recoloring moves whose goal is to produce a monochromatic ("flooded") graph as quickly as possible. Their difference is that in Free-Flood-It the player has the additional freedom of choosing the vertex to play in each move. In this paper, we investigate how this freedom affects the complexity of the problem. It turns out that the freedom is bad in some sense. We show that some cases trivially solvable for Fixed-Flood-It become intractable for Free-Flood-It. We also show that some tractable cases for Fixed-Flood-It are still tractable for Free-Flood-It but need considerably more involved arguments. We finally present some combinatorial properties connecting or separating the two problems. In particular, we show that the length of an optimal solution for Fixed-Flood-It is always at most twice that of Free-Flood-It, and this is tight.
Cite as

Rémy Belmonte, Mehdi Khosravian Ghadikolaei, Masashi Kiyomi, Michael Lampis, and Yota Otachi. How Bad is the Freedom to Flood-It?. In 9th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 100, pp. 5:1-5:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{belmonte_et_al:LIPIcs.FUN.2018.5,
  author =	{Belmonte, R\'{e}my and Khosravian Ghadikolaei, Mehdi and Kiyomi, Masashi and Lampis, Michael and Otachi, Yota},
  title =	{{How Bad is the Freedom to Flood-It?}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2018)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-067-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{100},
  editor =	{Ito, Hiro and Leonardi, Stefano and Pagli, Linda and Prencipe, Giuseppe},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2018.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-87961},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2018.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: flood-filling game, parameterized complexity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2018.10
Parameterized (Approximate) Defective Coloring

Authors: Rémy Belmonte, Michael Lampis, and Valia Mitsou

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 96, 35th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2018)

Abstract
In Defective Coloring we are given a graph G=(V,E) and two integers chi_d,Delta^* and are asked if we can partition V into chi_d color classes, so that each class induces a graph of maximum degree Delta^*. We investigate the complexity of this generalization of Coloring with respect to several well-studied graph parameters, and show that the problem is W-hard parameterized by treewidth, pathwidth, tree-depth, or feedback vertex set, if chi_d=2. As expected, this hardness can be extended to larger values of chi_d for most of these parameters, with one surprising exception: we show that the problem is FPT parameterized by feedback vertex set for any chi_d != 2, and hence 2-coloring is the only hard case for this parameter. In addition to the above, we give an ETH-based lower bound for treewidth and pathwidth, showing that no algorithm can solve the problem in n^{o(pw)}, essentially matching the complexity of an algorithm obtained with standard techniques. We complement these results by considering the problem's approximability and show that, with respect to Delta^*, the problem admits an algorithm which for any epsilon>0 runs in time (tw/epsilon)^{O(tw)} and returns a solution with exactly the desired number of colors that approximates the optimal Delta^* within (1+epsilon). We also give a (tw)^{O(tw)} algorithm which achieves the desired Delta^* exactly while 2-approximating the minimum value of chi_d. We show that this is close to optimal, by establishing that no FPT algorithm can (under standard assumptions) achieve a better than 3/2-approximation to chi_d, even when an extra constant additive error is also allowed.
Cite as

Rémy Belmonte, Michael Lampis, and Valia Mitsou. Parameterized (Approximate) Defective Coloring. In 35th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 96, pp. 10:1-10:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{belmonte_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2018.10,
  author =	{Belmonte, R\'{e}my and Lampis, Michael and Mitsou, Valia},
  title =	{{Parameterized (Approximate) Defective Coloring}},
  booktitle =	{35th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2018)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-062-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{96},
  editor =	{Niedermeier, Rolf and Vall\'{e}e, Brigitte},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2018.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-85304},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2018.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: Treewidth, Parameterized Complexity, Approximation, Coloring}
}
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