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Log-Concavity and Tunneling: Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm for Convex Functions (With a Spike)

Authors: Arthur Braida, Elie Bermot, and Simon Apers

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 388, 34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2026)


Abstract
Quantum tunneling is expected to provide a computational speedup in quantum computing, a phenomenon that Adiabatic Quantum Optimization (AQO) aims to leverage. While some academic proofs of concept have been studied, such as the "Hamming weight with a spike" (HWS) problem, the algorithmic gains of this effect remain underexplored. In this work we extend the analysis underlying HWS to more general potentials. In the first half of the work, we establish (discrete) log-concavity of the ground state as a key structural property in this context. We devise a framework for establishing log-concavity of the ground state for a large family of discrete, 1-dimensional Schrödinger operators. The family includes convex potentials, but also certain potentials with local minima. In the convex case, this provides a discrete version of a continuous result by Brascamp and Lieb [Brascamp and Lieb, 1976]. We demonstrate the utility of our result by establishing new spectral gap bounds, going beyond related results by Jarret and Jordan [Jarret and Jordan, 2014] for convex potentials. In the second half of the work, we use our results on log-concavity to extend the perturbative analysis of HWS by Reichardt [Reichardt, 2004] to the larger family of potentials with log-concave ground state. As a concrete instantiation, we use our result to extend the HWS analysis from a linear potential (which is exactly solvable) to a quadratic potential (which is no longer solvable). Our result strongly suggests the broader applicability of tunneling to convex potentials with spikes.

Cite as

Arthur Braida, Elie Bermot, and Simon Apers. Log-Concavity and Tunneling: Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm for Convex Functions (With a Spike). In 34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 388, pp. 110:1-110:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{braida_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2026.110,
  author =	{Braida, Arthur and Bermot, Elie and Apers, Simon},
  title =	{{Log-Concavity and Tunneling: Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm for Convex Functions (With a Spike)}},
  booktitle =	{34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2026)},
  pages =	{110:1--110:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-445-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{388},
  editor =	{Bille, Philip and Pettie, Seth and Storandt, Sabine},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.110},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-272465},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.110},
  annote =	{Keywords: Quantum adiabatic computing, Convex optimization}
}
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