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Documents authored by Bollig, Benedikt

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2021.39
Local First-Order Logic with Two Data Values

Authors: Benedikt Bollig, Arnaud Sangnier, and Olivier Stietel

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 213, 41st IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2021)

Abstract
We study first-order logic over unordered structures whose elements carry two data values from an infinite domain. Data values can be compared wrt. equality so that the formalism is suitable to specify the input-output behavior of various distributed algorithms. As the logic is undecidable in general, we introduce a family of local fragments that restrict quantification to neighborhoods of a given reference point. Our main result establishes decidability of the satisfiability problem for one of these non-trivial local fragments. On the other hand, already slightly more general local logics turn out to be undecidable. Altogether, we draw a landscape of formalisms that are suitable for the specification of systems with data and open up new avenues for future research.
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Benedikt Bollig, Arnaud Sangnier, and Olivier Stietel. Local First-Order Logic with Two Data Values. In 41st IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 213, pp. 39:1-39:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{bollig_et_al:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2021.39,
  author =	{Bollig, Benedikt and Sangnier, Arnaud and Stietel, Olivier},
  title =	{{Local First-Order Logic with Two Data Values}},
  booktitle =	{41st IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2021)},
  pages =	{39:1--39:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-215-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{213},
  editor =	{Boja\'{n}czyk, Miko{\l}aj and Chekuri, Chandra},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2021.39},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-155508},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2021.39},
  annote =	{Keywords: first-order logic, data values, specification of distributed algorithms}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2021.14
A Unifying Framework for Deciding Synchronizability

Authors: Benedikt Bollig, Cinzia Di Giusto, Alain Finkel, Laetitia Laversa, Etienne Lozes, and Amrita Suresh

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 203, 32nd International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2021)

Abstract
Several notions of synchronizability of a message-passing system have been introduced in the literature. Roughly, a system is called synchronizable if every execution can be rescheduled so that it meets certain criteria, e.g., a channel bound. We provide a framework, based on MSO logic and (special) tree-width, that unifies existing definitions, explains their good properties, and allows one to easily derive other, more general definitions and decidability results for synchronizability.
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Benedikt Bollig, Cinzia Di Giusto, Alain Finkel, Laetitia Laversa, Etienne Lozes, and Amrita Suresh. A Unifying Framework for Deciding Synchronizability. In 32nd International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 203, pp. 14:1-14:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{bollig_et_al:LIPIcs.CONCUR.2021.14,
  author =	{Bollig, Benedikt and Di Giusto, Cinzia and Finkel, Alain and Laversa, Laetitia and Lozes, Etienne and Suresh, Amrita},
  title =	{{A Unifying Framework for Deciding Synchronizability}},
  booktitle =	{32nd International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2021)},
  pages =	{14:1--14:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-203-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{203},
  editor =	{Haddad, Serge and Varacca, Daniele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2021.14},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-143917},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2021.14},
  annote =	{Keywords: communicating finite-state machines, message sequence charts, synchronizability, MSO logic, special tree-width}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2021.13
Reachability in Distributed Memory Automata

Authors: Benedikt Bollig, Fedor Ryabinin, and Arnaud Sangnier

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 183, 29th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2021)

Abstract
We introduce Distributed Memory Automata, a model of register automata suitable to capture some features of distributed algorithms designed for shared-memory systems. In this model, each participant owns a local register and a shared register and has the ability to change its local value, to write it in the global memory and to test atomically the number of occurrences of its value in the shared memory, up to some threshold. We show that the control-state reachability problem for Distributed Memory Automata is Pspace-complete for a fixed number of participants and is in Pspace when the number of participants is not fixed a priori.
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Benedikt Bollig, Fedor Ryabinin, and Arnaud Sangnier. Reachability in Distributed Memory Automata. In 29th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 183, pp. 13:1-13:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{bollig_et_al:LIPIcs.CSL.2021.13,
  author =	{Bollig, Benedikt and Ryabinin, Fedor and Sangnier, Arnaud},
  title =	{{Reachability in Distributed Memory Automata}},
  booktitle =	{29th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2021)},
  pages =	{13:1--13:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-175-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{183},
  editor =	{Baier, Christel and Goubault-Larrecq, Jean},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2021.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-134472},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2021.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: Distributed algorithms, Atomic snapshot objects, Register automata, Reachability}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2020.49
Bounded Reachability Problems Are Decidable in FIFO Machines

Authors: Benedikt Bollig, Alain Finkel, and Amrita Suresh

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 171, 31st International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2020)

Abstract
The undecidability of basic decision problems for general FIFO machines such as reachability and unboundedness is well-known. In this paper, we provide an underapproximation for the general model by considering only runs that are input-bounded (i.e. the sequence of messages sent through a particular channel belongs to a given bounded language). We prove, by reducing this model to a counter machine with restricted zero tests, that the rational-reachability problem (and by extension, control-state reachability, unboundedness, deadlock, etc.) is decidable. This class of machines subsumes input-letter-bounded machines, flat machines, linear FIFO nets, and monogeneous machines, for which some of these problems were already shown to be decidable. These theoretical results can form the foundations to build a tool to verify general FIFO machines based on the analysis of input-bounded machines.
Cite as

Benedikt Bollig, Alain Finkel, and Amrita Suresh. Bounded Reachability Problems Are Decidable in FIFO Machines. In 31st International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 171, pp. 49:1-49:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{bollig_et_al:LIPIcs.CONCUR.2020.49,
  author =	{Bollig, Benedikt and Finkel, Alain and Suresh, Amrita},
  title =	{{Bounded Reachability Problems Are Decidable in FIFO Machines}},
  booktitle =	{31st International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2020)},
  pages =	{49:1--49:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-160-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{171},
  editor =	{Konnov, Igor and Kov\'{a}cs, Laura},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2020.49},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-128615},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2020.49},
  annote =	{Keywords: FIFO machines, reachability, underapproximation, counter machines}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2018.7
It Is Easy to Be Wise After the Event: Communicating Finite-State Machines Capture First-Order Logic with "Happened Before"

Authors: Benedikt Bollig, Marie Fortin, and Paul Gastin

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 118, 29th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2018)

Abstract
Message sequence charts (MSCs) naturally arise as executions of communicating finite-state machines (CFMs), in which finite-state processes exchange messages through unbounded FIFO channels. We study the first-order logic of MSCs, featuring Lamport's happened-before relation. We introduce a star-free version of propositional dynamic logic (PDL) with loop and converse. Our main results state that (i) every first-order sentence can be transformed into an equivalent star-free PDL sentence (and conversely), and (ii) every star-free PDL sentence can be translated into an equivalent CFM. This answers an open question and settles the exact relation between CFMs and fragments of monadic second-order logic. As a byproduct, we show that first-order logic over MSCs has the three-variable property.
Cite as

Benedikt Bollig, Marie Fortin, and Paul Gastin. It Is Easy to Be Wise After the Event: Communicating Finite-State Machines Capture First-Order Logic with "Happened Before". In 29th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 118, pp. 7:1-7:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{bollig_et_al:LIPIcs.CONCUR.2018.7,
  author =	{Bollig, Benedikt and Fortin, Marie and Gastin, Paul},
  title =	{{It Is Easy to Be Wise After the Event: Communicating Finite-State Machines Capture First-Order Logic with "Happened Before"}},
  booktitle =	{29th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2018)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-087-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{118},
  editor =	{Schewe, Sven and Zhang, Lijun},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2018.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-95455},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2018.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: communicating finite-state machines, first-order logic, happened-before relation}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2018.17
Communicating Finite-State Machines and Two-Variable Logic

Authors: Benedikt Bollig, Marie Fortin, and Paul Gastin

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 96, 35th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2018)

Abstract
Communicating finite-state machines are a fundamental, well-studied model of finite-state processes that communicate via unbounded first-in first-out channels. We show that they are expressively equivalent to existential MSO logic with two first-order variables and the order relation.
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Benedikt Bollig, Marie Fortin, and Paul Gastin. Communicating Finite-State Machines and Two-Variable Logic. In 35th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 96, pp. 17:1-17:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{bollig_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2018.17,
  author =	{Bollig, Benedikt and Fortin, Marie and Gastin, Paul},
  title =	{{Communicating Finite-State Machines and Two-Variable Logic}},
  booktitle =	{35th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2018)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-062-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{96},
  editor =	{Niedermeier, Rolf and Vall\'{e}e, Brigitte},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2018.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-85298},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2018.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: communicating finite-state machines, MSO logic, message sequence charts}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2017.33
The Complexity of Flat Freeze LTL

Authors: Benedikt Bollig, Karin Quaas, and Arnaud Sangnier

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 85, 28th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2017)

Abstract
We consider the model-checking problem for freeze LTL on one-counter automata (OCAs). Freeze LTL extends LTL with the freeze quantifier, which allows one to store different counter values of a run in registers so that they can be compared with one another. As the model-checking problem is undecidable in general, we focus on the flat fragment of freeze LTL, in which the usage of the freeze quantifier is restricted. Recently, Lechner et al. showed that model checking for flat freeze LTL on OCAs with binary encoding of counter updates is decidable and in 2NEXPTIME. In this paper, we prove that the problem is, in fact, NEXPTIME-complete no matter whether counter updates are encoded in unary or binary. Like Lechner et al., we rely on a reduction to the reachability problem in OCAs with parameterized tests (OCAPs). The new aspect is that we simulate OCAPs by alternating two-way automata over words. This implies an exponential upper bound on the parameter values that we exploit towards an NP algorithm for reachability in OCAPs with unary updates. We obtain our main result as a corollary.
Cite as

Benedikt Bollig, Karin Quaas, and Arnaud Sangnier. The Complexity of Flat Freeze LTL. In 28th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 85, pp. 33:1-33:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{bollig_et_al:LIPIcs.CONCUR.2017.33,
  author =	{Bollig, Benedikt and Quaas, Karin and Sangnier, Arnaud},
  title =	{{The Complexity of Flat Freeze LTL}},
  booktitle =	{28th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2017)},
  pages =	{33:1--33:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-048-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{85},
  editor =	{Meyer, Roland and Nestmann, Uwe},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2017.33},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-77993},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2017.33},
  annote =	{Keywords: one-counter automata, freeze LTL, model checking}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2016.20
One-Counter Automata with Counter Observability

Authors: Benedikt Bollig

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 65, 36th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2016)

Abstract
In a one-counter automaton (OCA), one can produce a letter from some finite alphabet, increment and decrement the counter by one, or compare it with constants up to some threshold. It is well-known that universality and language inclusion for OCAs are undecidable. In this paper, we consider OCAs with counter observability: Whenever the automaton produces a letter, it outputs the current counter value along with it. Hence, its language is now a set of words over an infinite alphabet. We show that universality and inclusion for that model are PSPACE-complete, thus no harder than the corresponding problems for finite automata. In fact, by establishing a link with visibly one-counter automata, we show that OCAs with counter observability are effectively determinizable and closed under all boolean operations. Moreover, it turns out that they are expressively equivalent to strong automata, in which transitions are guarded by MSO formulas over the natural numbers with successor.
Cite as

Benedikt Bollig. One-Counter Automata with Counter Observability. In 36th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 65, pp. 20:1-20:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{bollig:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2016.20,
  author =	{Bollig, Benedikt},
  title =	{{One-Counter Automata with Counter Observability}},
  booktitle =	{36th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2016)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-027-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{65},
  editor =	{Lal, Akash and Akshay, S. and Saurabh, Saket and Sen, Sandeep},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2016.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-68554},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2016.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: One-counter automata, inclusion checking, observability, visibly one- counter automata, strong automata}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2015.340
An Automata-Theoretic Approach to the Verification of Distributed Algorithms

Authors: Cyriac Aiswarya, Benedikt Bollig, and Paul Gastin

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 42, 26th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2015)

Abstract
We introduce an automata-theoretic method for the verification of distributed algorithms running on ring networks. In a distributed algorithm, an arbitrary number of processes cooperate to achieve a common goal (e.g., elect a leader). Processes have unique identifiers (pids) from an infinite, totally ordered domain. An algorithm proceeds in synchronous rounds, each round allowing a process to perform a bounded sequence of actions such as send or receive a pid, store it in some register, and compare register contents wrt. the associated total order. An algorithm is supposed to be correct independently of the number of processes. To specify correctness properties, we introduce a logic that can reason about processes and pids. Referring to leader election, it may say that, at the end of an execution, each process stores the maximum pid in some dedicated register. Since the verification of distributed algorithms is undecidable, we propose an underapproximation technique, which bounds the number of rounds. This is an appealing approach, as the number of rounds needed by a distributed algorithm to conclude is often exponentially smaller than the number of processes. We provide an automata-theoretic solution, reducing model checking to emptiness for alternating two-way automata on words. Overall, we show that round-bounded verification of distributed algorithms over rings is PSPACE-complete.
Cite as

Cyriac Aiswarya, Benedikt Bollig, and Paul Gastin. An Automata-Theoretic Approach to the Verification of Distributed Algorithms. In 26th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2015). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 42, pp. 340-353, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2015)

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@InProceedings{aiswarya_et_al:LIPIcs.CONCUR.2015.340,
  author =	{Aiswarya, Cyriac and Bollig, Benedikt and Gastin, Paul},
  title =	{{An Automata-Theoretic Approach to the Verification of Distributed Algorithms}},
  booktitle =	{26th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2015)},
  pages =	{340--353},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-91-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2015},
  volume =	{42},
  editor =	{Aceto, Luca and de Frutos Escrig, David},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2015.340},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-53737},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2015.340},
  annote =	{Keywords: distributed algorithms, verification, leader election}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2014.625
Parameterized Communicating Automata: Complementation and Model Checking

Authors: Benedikt Bollig, Paul Gastin, and Akshay Kumar

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 29, 34th International Conference on Foundation of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2014)

Abstract
We study the language-theoretical aspects of parameterized communicating automata (PCAs), in which processes communicate via rendez-vous. A given PCA can be run on any topology of bounded degree such as pipelines, rings, ranked trees, and grids. We show that, under a context bound, which restricts the local behavior of each process, PCAs are effectively complementable. Complementability is considered a key aspect of robust automata models and can, in particular, be exploited for verification. In this paper, we use it to obtain a characterization of context-bounded PCAs in terms of monadic second-order (MSO) logic. As the emptiness problem for context-bounded PCAs is decidable for the classes of pipelines, rings, and trees, their model-checking problem wrt. MSO properties also becomes decidable. While previous work on model checking parameterized systems typically uses temporal logics without next operator, our MSO logic allows one to express several natural next modalities.
Cite as

Benedikt Bollig, Paul Gastin, and Akshay Kumar. Parameterized Communicating Automata: Complementation and Model Checking. In 34th International Conference on Foundation of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2014). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 29, pp. 625-637, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2014)

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@InProceedings{bollig_et_al:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2014.625,
  author =	{Bollig, Benedikt and Gastin, Paul and Kumar, Akshay},
  title =	{{Parameterized Communicating Automata: Complementation and Model Checking}},
  booktitle =	{34th International Conference on Foundation of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2014)},
  pages =	{625--637},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-77-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2014},
  volume =	{29},
  editor =	{Raman, Venkatesh and Suresh, S. P.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2014.625},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-48761},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2014.625},
  annote =	{Keywords: parameterized verification, complementation, monadic second-order logic}
}
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