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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2026.10

Modelling and Optimizing HVAC Systems for Early-Stage Building Design

Authors: Victor Calixto, Camilo Cruz Gambardella, Amin Karimi, Pierre Le Bodic, and Allen Z. Zhong

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 379, 32nd International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2026)

Abstract

Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems typically aim to regulate a building’s indoor environment. Many key design decisions which carry strong consequences on HVAC systems are made during early-stage building design, when architectural and structural layouts are still evolving. Early coordination between disciplines has the potential to minimise re-design of systems as a consequence of changes in other systems. This paper presents an optimization-based framework to support early design coordination among architectural, structural and mechanical designs, with a focus on ductwork layout. The generated layouts are intended to serve as initial candidate designs that engineers can further refine during later stages of the building design process. We develop models for generating feasible duct layouts accounting for structural constraints and cost objectives. The models are implemented in a high-level modelling language MiniZinc and solved in phases using Constraint Programming (CP) and Mixed-Integer Programming (MIP) solvers. Experiments on case studies show that feasible coordinated layouts can be generated, enabling iterative exploration of multiple alternative configurations during early-stage design.

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Victor Calixto, Camilo Cruz Gambardella, Amin Karimi, Pierre Le Bodic, and Allen Z. Zhong. Modelling and Optimizing HVAC Systems for Early-Stage Building Design. In 32nd International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 379, pp. 10:1-10:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{calixto_et_al:LIPIcs.CP.2026.10,
  author =	{Calixto, Victor and Gambardella, Camilo Cruz and Karimi, Amin and Le Bodic, Pierre and Zhong, Allen Z.},
  title =	{{Modelling and Optimizing HVAC Systems for Early-Stage Building Design}},
  booktitle =	{32nd International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2026)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-432-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{379},
  editor =	{Beldiceanu, Nicolas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2026.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-266433},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2026.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: Application, Modelling, Operation Research \& Mathematical Optimization}
}

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Modelling and Optimizing HVAC Systems for Early-Stage Building Design

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