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Moderately Beyond Clique-Width: Reduced Component Max-Leaf and Related Parameters

Authors: Édouard Bonnet, Yeonsu Chang, Julien Duron, Colin Geniet, and O-joung Kwon

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 388, 34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2026)


Abstract
Reduced parameters [BKW, JCTB '26; BKRT, SODA '22] are defined via contraction sequences. Based on this framework, we introduce the reduced component max-leaf, denoted by cml^↓, where component max-leaf is the maximum number of leaves in any spanning tree of any connected component. Reduced component max-leaf is strictly sandwiched between clique-width and reduced bandwidth, it is bounded in unit interval graphs, and unbounded in planar graphs. We design polynomial-time algorithms for problems such as Maximum Independent Set, Maximum Clique, Maximum Induced d-Regular Subgraph, and Induced Disjoint Paths in graphs given with a contraction sequence witnessing low cml^↓, unifying and extending tractability results for classes of bounded clique-width and unit interval graphs. We get the following collapses in sparse classes of bounded cml^↓: bounded maximum degree implies bounded treewidth, whereas K_{t,t}-subgraph-freeness implies strongly sublinear treewidth; we show the latter, more generally, for classes of bounded reduced cutwidth. We establish the former result by showing that graphs with bounded cml^↓ admit balanced separators dominated by a bounded number of vertices. In contrast, there are graphs G of arbitrarily large girth and treewidth Θ(|V(G)|^{1/2}) such that cml^↓(G) ⩽ 3. We then showcase an application of the reduced parameters to establishing non-transducibility results. We prove that for most reduced parameters p^↓ (including reduced bandwidth), the family of classes of bounded p^↓ is closed under first-order transductions. We then answer a question of [BKW '26] by showing that the 3-dimensional grids have unbounded reduced bandwidth. As the class of planar graphs (or any class of bounded genus) has bounded reduced bandwidth [BKW '26], this reproves a recent result [GPP, LICS '25; HJ, LICS '25] that planar graphs do not first-order transduce the 3-dimensional grids.

Cite as

Édouard Bonnet, Yeonsu Chang, Julien Duron, Colin Geniet, and O-joung Kwon. Moderately Beyond Clique-Width: Reduced Component Max-Leaf and Related Parameters. In 34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 388, pp. 50:1-50:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{bonnet_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2026.50,
  author =	{Bonnet, \'{E}douard and Chang, Yeonsu and Duron, Julien and Geniet, Colin and Kwon, O-joung},
  title =	{{Moderately Beyond Clique-Width: Reduced Component Max-Leaf and Related Parameters}},
  booktitle =	{34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2026)},
  pages =	{50:1--50:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-445-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{388},
  editor =	{Bille, Philip and Pettie, Seth and Storandt, Sabine},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.50},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-271864},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.50},
  annote =	{Keywords: Structural graph theory, reduced parameter, component max-leaf}
}
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