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Documents authored by Clausen, Michael

Document
DOI: 10.4230/DFU.Vol3.11041.1
Linking Sheet Music and Audio - Challenges and New Approaches

Authors: Verena Thomas, Christian Fremerey, Meinard Müller, and Michael Clausen

Published in: Dagstuhl Follow-Ups, Volume 3, Multimodal Music Processing (2012)

Abstract
Score and audio files are the two most important ways to represent, convey, record, store, and experience music. While score describes a piece of music on an abstract level using symbols such as notes, keys, and measures, audio files allow for reproducing a specific acoustic realization of the piece. Each of these representations reflects different facets of music yielding insights into aspects ranging from structural elements (e.g., motives, themes, musical form) to specific performance aspects (e.g., artistic shaping, sound). Therefore, the simultaneous access to score and audio representations is of great importance. In this paper, we address the problem of automatically generating musically relevant linking structures between the various data sources that are available for a given piece of music. In particular, we discuss the task of sheet music-audio synchronization with the aim to link regions in images of scanned scores to musically corresponding sections in an audio recording of the same piece. Such linking structures form the basis for novel interfaces that allow users to access and explore multimodal sources of music within a single framework. As our main contributions, we give an overview of the state-of-the-art for this kind of synchronization task, we present some novel approaches, and indicate future research directions. In particular, we address problems that arise in the presence of structural differences and discuss challenges when applying optical music recognition to complex orchestral scores. Finally, potential applications of the synchronization results are presented.
Cite as

Verena Thomas, Christian Fremerey, Meinard Müller, and Michael Clausen. Linking Sheet Music and Audio - Challenges and New Approaches. In Multimodal Music Processing. Dagstuhl Follow-Ups, Volume 3, pp. 1-22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2012)

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@InCollection{thomas_et_al:DFU.Vol3.11041.1,
  author =	{Thomas, Verena and Fremerey, Christian and M\"{u}ller, Meinard and Clausen, Michael},
  title =	{{Linking Sheet Music and Audio - Challenges and New Approaches}},
  booktitle =	{Multimodal Music Processing},
  pages =	{1--22},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Follow-Ups},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-37-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8977},
  year =	{2012},
  volume =	{3},
  editor =	{M\"{u}ller, Meinard and Goto, Masataka and Schedl, Markus},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DFU.Vol3.11041.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-34637},
  doi =		{10.4230/DFU.Vol3.11041.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Music signals, audio, sheet music, music synchronization, alignment, optical music recognition, user interfaces, multimodality}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09051.3
Case Study ``Beatles Songs'' – What can be Learned from Unreliable Music Alignments?

Authors: Sebastian Ewert, Meinard Müller, Daniel Müllensiefen, Michael Clausen, and Geraint A. Wiggins

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9051, Knowledge representation for intelligent music processing (2009)

Abstract
As a result of massive digitization efforts and the world wide web, there is an exploding amount of available digital data describing and representing music at various semantic levels and in diverse formats. For example, in the case of the Beatles songs, there are numerous recordings including an increasing number of cover songs and arrangements as well as MIDI data and other symbolic music representations. The general goal of music synchronization is to align the multiple information sources related to a given piece of music. This becomes a difficult problem when the various representations reveal significant differences in structure and polyphony, while exhibiting various types of artifacts. In this paper, we address the issue of how music synchronization techniques are useful for automatically revealing critical passages with significant difference between the two versions to be aligned. Using the corpus of the Beatles songs as test bed, we analyze the kind of differences occurring in audio and MIDI versions available for the songs.
Cite as

Sebastian Ewert, Meinard Müller, Daniel Müllensiefen, Michael Clausen, and Geraint A. Wiggins. Case Study ``Beatles Songs'' – What can be Learned from Unreliable Music Alignments?. In Knowledge representation for intelligent music processing. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9051, pp. 1-16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{ewert_et_al:DagSemProc.09051.3,
  author =	{Ewert, Sebastian and M\"{u}ller, Meinard and M\"{u}llensiefen, Daniel and Clausen, Michael and Wiggins, Geraint A.},
  title =	{{Case Study ``Beatles Songs'' – What can be Learned from Unreliable Music Alignments?}},
  booktitle =	{Knowledge representation for intelligent music processing},
  pages =	{1--16},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9051},
  editor =	{Eleanor Selfridge-Field and Frans Wiering and Geraint A. Wiggins},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09051.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19640},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09051.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: MIDI, audio, music synchronization, multimodal, music collections, Beatles songs}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09051.8
Towards Bridging the Gap between Sheet Music and Audio

Authors: Christian Fremerey, Meinard Mueller, and Michael Clausen

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9051, Knowledge representation for intelligent music processing (2009)

Abstract
Sheet music and audio recordings represent and describe music on different semantic levels. Sheet music describes abstract high-level parameters such as notes, keys, measures, or repeats in a visual form. Because of its explicitness and compactness, most musicologists discuss and analyze the meaning of music on the basis of sheet music. On the contrary, most people enjoy music by listening to audio recordings, which represent music in an acoustic form. In particular, the nuances and subtleties of musical performances, which are generally not written down in the score, make the music come alive. In this paper, we address the problem of bridging the gap between the sheet music domain and the audio domain. In particular, we discuss aspects on music representations, music synchronization, and optical music recognition, while indicating various strategies and open research problems.
Cite as

Christian Fremerey, Meinard Mueller, and Michael Clausen. Towards Bridging the Gap between Sheet Music and Audio. In Knowledge representation for intelligent music processing. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9051, pp. 1-11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{fremerey_et_al:DagSemProc.09051.8,
  author =	{Fremerey, Christian and Mueller, Meinard and Clausen, Michael},
  title =	{{Towards Bridging the Gap between Sheet Music and Audio}},
  booktitle =	{Knowledge representation for intelligent music processing},
  pages =	{1--11},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9051},
  editor =	{Eleanor Selfridge-Field and Frans Wiering and Geraint A. Wiggins},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09051.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19651},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09051.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Audio, sheet music, symbolic score, optical music recognition, music synchronization}
}
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