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RANDOM
Parallel Sampling from the Ising p-Spin Model

Authors: Nima Anari, Aniket Das, and Alireza Haqi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 392, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2026)


Abstract
We study the parallel complexity of sampling from the high-temperature Ising mixed p-spin Gibbs measure, a canonical instance of a mean-field spin glass on the hypercube {±1}ⁿ. We propose two different algorithms for this problem, corresponding to two different regimes of accuracy. Our first algorithm is a parallel implementation of a Markov chain known as block dynamics, combined with an approximate rejection sampling step that uses an Ising model in a novel way as a proposal distribution to approximate the quadratic interaction terms of the p-spin Hamiltonian. For any ε > 0, this algorithm runs in n^{1/3} polylog(n/ε) parallel time with poly(n/ε) work, and outputs a sample whose law is ε-close to the p-spin measure in total variation distance. Our second algorithm uses Picard iterations to parallelize the Algorithmic Stochastic Localization (ASL) process of El Alaoui, Montanari, and Sellke (2025), and for any ε > ε_n, takes polylog(n/ε) parallel time and poly(n/ε) work to produce a sample that is ε-close to the p-spin measure in the normalized 2-Wasserstein metric. Here, ε_n > 0 is a threshold that goes to 0 as n → ∞. Our result constitutes a doubly exponential improvement in the ε dependence of the runtime and an exponential improvement in the ε dependence of the total work when compared to naïve ASL, whose runtime scales as exp(poly(1/ε)).

Cite as

Nima Anari, Aniket Das, and Alireza Haqi. Parallel Sampling from the Ising p-Spin Model. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 392, pp. 71:1-71:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{anari_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2026.71,
  author =	{Anari, Nima and Das, Aniket and Haqi, Alireza},
  title =	{{Parallel Sampling from the Ising p-Spin Model}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2026)},
  pages =	{71:1--71:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-449-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{392},
  editor =	{Singh, Mohit and Gur, Tom},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2026.71},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-277889},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2026.71},
  annote =	{Keywords: spin glasses, parallel sampling, Glauber dynamics, stochastic localization}
}

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