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DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.FMBC.2026.9

Towards Property-Based Testing of Smart Contracts Using Gas Analysis (Short Paper)

Authors: Elvira Albert, Emanuele De Angelis, Marco Di Ianni, Fabio Fioravanti, and Pablo Gordillo

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 142, 7th International Workshop on Formal Methods for Blockchains (FMBC 2026)

Abstract

Testing has become an integral part of the software development process in order to ensure the correct and safe execution of programs. A powerful approach to testing is property-based testing that aims at generating unit tests that verify that a certain property of interest holds. However, smart contracts are also characterized by important non-functional aspects, such as the gas consumption required to execute their functions. Static gas analyzers are able to obtain parametric gas bounds - that soundly over-approximate - the gas consumption of executing each of the public functions within a smart contract. This paper discusses our ideas towards combining both formal methods, property-based testing and gas analysis, in order to generate gas-aware unit tests that can ensure the gas requirements provided by the programmers.

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Elvira Albert, Emanuele De Angelis, Marco Di Ianni, Fabio Fioravanti, and Pablo Gordillo. Towards Property-Based Testing of Smart Contracts Using Gas Analysis (Short Paper). In 7th International Workshop on Formal Methods for Blockchains (FMBC 2026). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 142, pp. 9:1-9:8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{albert_et_al:OASIcs.FMBC.2026.9,
  author =	{Albert, Elvira and De Angelis, Emanuele and Di Ianni, Marco and Fioravanti, Fabio and Gordillo, Pablo},
  title =	{{Towards Property-Based Testing of Smart Contracts Using Gas Analysis}},
  booktitle =	{7th International Workshop on Formal Methods for Blockchains (FMBC 2026)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:8},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-424-6},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{142},
  editor =	{Bartoletti, Massimo and Marmsoler, Diego},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.FMBC.2026.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-257069},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.FMBC.2026.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Property-based Testing, Blockchain, Ethereum, Gas}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICLP.2012.439

Software Model Checking by Program Specialization

Authors: Emanuele De Angelis

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 17, Technical Communications of the 28th International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP'12) (2012)

Abstract

We introduce a general verification framework based on program specialization to prove properties of the runtime behaviour of imperative programs. Given a program P written in a programming language L and a property phi in a logic M, we can verify that phi holds for P by: (i) writing an interpreter I for L and a semantics S for M in a suitable metalanguage, (ii) specializing I and S with respect to P and phi, and (iii) analysing the specialized program by performing a further specialization. We have instantiated our framework to verify safety properties of a simple imperative language, called SIMP, extended with a nondeterministic choice operator. The method is fully automatic and it has been implemented using the MAP transformation system.

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Emanuele De Angelis. Software Model Checking by Program Specialization. In Technical Communications of the 28th International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP'12). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 17, pp. 439-444, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2012)

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@InProceedings{deangelis:LIPIcs.ICLP.2012.439,
  author =	{De Angelis, Emanuele},
  title =	{{Software Model Checking by Program Specialization}},
  booktitle =	{Technical Communications of the 28th International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP'12)},
  pages =	{439--444},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-43-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2012},
  volume =	{17},
  editor =	{Dovier, Agostino and Santos Costa, V{\'\i}tor},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICLP.2012.439},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-36436},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICLP.2012.439},
  annote =	{Keywords: Software model checking, program specialization, constraint logic programming.}
}

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Documents authored by De Angelis, Emanuele

Towards Property-Based Testing of Smart Contracts Using Gas Analysis (Short Paper)

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Software Model Checking by Program Specialization

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