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Documents authored by Hermes, Marc

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2024.19
Modular Verification of Intrusive List and Tree Data Structures in Separation Logic

Authors: Marc Hermes and Robbert Krebbers

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 309, 15th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2024)

Abstract
Intrusive linked data structures are commonly used in low-level programming languages such as C for efficiency and to enable a form of generic types. Notably, intrusive versions of linked lists and search trees are used in the Linux kernel and the Boost C++ library. These data structures differ from ordinary data structures in the way that nodes contain only the meta data (i.e. pointers to other nodes), but not the data itself. Instead the programmer needs to embed nodes into the data, thereby avoiding pointer indirections, and allowing data to be part of several data structures. In this paper we address the challenge of specifying and verifying intrusive data structures using separation logic. We aim for modular verification, where we first specify and verify the operations on the nodes (without the data) and then use these specifications to verify clients that attach data. We achieve this by employing a representation predicate that separates the data structure’s node structure from the data that is attached to it. We apply our methodology to singly-linked lists - from which we build cyclic and doubly-linked lists - and binary trees - from which we build binary search trees. All verifications are conducted using the Coq proof assistant, making use of the Iris framework for separation logic.
Cite as

Marc Hermes and Robbert Krebbers. Modular Verification of Intrusive List and Tree Data Structures in Separation Logic. In 15th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 309, pp. 19:1-19:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{hermes_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2024.19,
  author =	{Hermes, Marc and Krebbers, Robbert},
  title =	{{Modular Verification of Intrusive List and Tree Data Structures in Separation Logic}},
  booktitle =	{15th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2024)},
  pages =	{19:1--19:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-337-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{309},
  editor =	{Bertot, Yves and Kutsia, Temur and Norrish, Michael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2024.19},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-207478},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2024.19},
  annote =	{Keywords: Separation Logic, Program Verification, Data Structures, Iris, Coq}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2022.9
An Analysis of Tennenbaum’s Theorem in Constructive Type Theory

Authors: Marc Hermes and Dominik Kirst

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 228, 7th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2022)

Abstract
Tennenbaum’s theorem states that the only countable model of Peano arithmetic (PA) with computable arithmetical operations is the standard model of natural numbers. In this paper, we use constructive type theory as a framework to revisit and generalize this result. The chosen framework allows for a synthetic approach to computability theory, by exploiting the fact that, externally, all functions definable in constructive type theory can be shown computable. We internalize this fact by assuming a version of Church’s thesis expressing that any function on natural numbers is representable by a formula in PA. This assumption allows for a conveniently abstract setup to carry out rigorous computability arguments and feasible mechanization. Concretely, we constructivize several classical proofs and present one inherently constructive rendering of Tennenbaum’s theorem, all following arguments from the literature. Concerning the classical proofs in particular, the constructive setting allows us to highlight differences in their assumptions and conclusions which are not visible classically. All versions are accompanied by a unified mechanization in the Coq proof assistant.
Cite as

Marc Hermes and Dominik Kirst. An Analysis of Tennenbaum’s Theorem in Constructive Type Theory. In 7th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 228, pp. 9:1-9:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{hermes_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2022.9,
  author =	{Hermes, Marc and Kirst, Dominik},
  title =	{{An Analysis of Tennenbaum’s Theorem in Constructive Type Theory}},
  booktitle =	{7th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2022)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-233-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{228},
  editor =	{Felty, Amy P.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2022.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-162909},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2022.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: first-order logic, Peano arithmetic, Tennenbaum’s theorem, constructive type theory, Church’s thesis, synthetic computability, Coq}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2021.23
Synthetic Undecidability and Incompleteness of First-Order Axiom Systems in Coq

Authors: Dominik Kirst and Marc Hermes

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 193, 12th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2021)

Abstract
We mechanise the undecidability of various first-order axiom systems in Coq, employing the synthetic approach to computability underlying the growing Coq Library of Undecidability Proofs. Concretely, we cover both semantic and deductive entailment in fragments of Peano arithmetic (PA) and Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (ZF), with their undecidability established by many-one reductions from solvability of Diophantine equations, i.e. Hilbert’s tenth problem (H10), and the Post correspondence problem (PCP), respectively. In the synthetic setting based on the computability of all functions definable in a constructive foundation, such as Coq’s type theory, it suffices to define these reductions as meta-level functions with no need for further encoding in a formalised model of computation. The concrete cases of PA and ZF are prepared by a general synthetic theory of undecidable axiomatisations, focusing on well-known connections to consistency and incompleteness. Specifically, our reductions rely on the existence of standard models, necessitating additional assumptions in the case of full ZF, and all axiomatic extensions still justified by such standard models are shown incomplete. As a by-product of the undecidability of ZF formulated using only membership and no equality symbol, we obtain the undecidability of first-order logic with a single binary relation.
Cite as

Dominik Kirst and Marc Hermes. Synthetic Undecidability and Incompleteness of First-Order Axiom Systems in Coq. In 12th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 193, pp. 23:1-23:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{kirst_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2021.23,
  author =	{Kirst, Dominik and Hermes, Marc},
  title =	{{Synthetic Undecidability and Incompleteness of First-Order Axiom Systems in Coq}},
  booktitle =	{12th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2021)},
  pages =	{23:1--23:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-188-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{193},
  editor =	{Cohen, Liron and Kaliszyk, Cezary},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2021.23},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-139188},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2021.23},
  annote =	{Keywords: undecidability, synthetic computability, first-order logic, incompleteness, Peano arithmetic, ZF set theory, constructive type theory, Coq}
}
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