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k-Universality of Regular Languages

Authors: Duncan Adamson, Pamela Fleischmann, Annika Huch, Tore Koß, Florin Manea, and Dirk Nowotka

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 283, 34th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2023)


Abstract
A subsequence of a word w is a word u such that u = w[i₁] w[i₂] … w[i_k], for some set of indices 1 ≤ i₁ < i₂ < … < i_k ≤ |w|. A word w is k-subsequence universal over an alphabet Σ if every word in Σ^k appears in w as a subsequence. In this paper, we study the intersection between the set of k-subsequence universal words over some alphabet Σ and regular languages over Σ. We call a regular language L k-∃-subsequence universal if there exists a k-subsequence universal word in L, and k-∀-subsequence universal if every word of L is k-subsequence universal. We give algorithms solving the problems of deciding if a given regular language, represented by a finite automaton recognising it, is k-∃-subsequence universal and, respectively, if it is k-∀-subsequence universal, for a given k. The algorithms are FPT w.r.t. the size of the input alphabet, and their run-time does not depend on k; they run in polynomial time in the number n of states of the input automaton when the size of the input alphabet is O(log n). Moreover, we show that the problem of deciding if a given regular language is k-∃-subsequence universal is NP-complete, when the language is over a large alphabet. Further, we provide algorithms for counting the number of k-subsequence universal words (paths) accepted by a given deterministic (respectively, nondeterministic) finite automaton, and ranking an input word (path) within the set of k-subsequence universal words accepted by a given finite automaton.

Cite as

Duncan Adamson, Pamela Fleischmann, Annika Huch, Tore Koß, Florin Manea, and Dirk Nowotka. k-Universality of Regular Languages. In 34th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 283, pp. 4:1-4:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)


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@InProceedings{adamson_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2023.4,
  author =	{Adamson, Duncan and Fleischmann, Pamela and Huch, Annika and Ko{\ss}, Tore and Manea, Florin and Nowotka, Dirk},
  title =	{{k-Universality of Regular Languages}},
  booktitle =	{34th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2023)},
  pages =	{4:1--4:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-289-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{283},
  editor =	{Iwata, Satoru and Kakimura, Naonori},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2023.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-193064},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2023.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: String Algorithms, Regular Languages, Finite Automata, Subsequences}
}
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