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Documents authored by Kapaj, Armand

Document
Complete Volume
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2026
LIPIcs, Volume 393, COSIT 2026, Complete Volume

Authors: Sabine Timpf, Gabriele Filomena, Armand Kapaj, Rui Zhu, Nicholas A. Giudice, and Ed Manley

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 393, 17th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2026)

Abstract
LIPIcs, Volume 393, COSIT 2026, Complete Volume
Cite as

17th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 393, pp. 1-498, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@Proceedings{timpf_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2026,
  title =	{{LIPIcs, Volume 393, COSIT 2026, Complete Volume}},
  booktitle =	{17th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2026)},
  pages =	{1--498},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-438-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{393},
  editor =	{Timpf, Sabine and Filomena, Gabriele and Kapaj, Armand and Zhu, Rui and Giudice, Nicholas A. and Manley, Ed},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2026},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-278484},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2026},
  annote =	{Keywords: LIPIcs, Volume 393, COSIT 2026, Complete Volume}
}
Document
Front Matter
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2026.0
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization

Authors: Sabine Timpf, Gabriele Filomena, Armand Kapaj, Rui Zhu, Nicholas A. Giudice, and Ed Manley

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 393, 17th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2026)

Abstract
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Cite as

17th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 393, pp. 0:i-0:xiv, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{timpf_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2026.0,
  author =	{Timpf, Sabine and Filomena, Gabriele and Kapaj, Armand and Zhu, Rui and Giudice, Nicholas A. and Manley, Ed},
  title =	{{Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}},
  booktitle =	{17th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2026)},
  pages =	{0:i--0:xiv},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-438-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{393},
  editor =	{Timpf, Sabine and Filomena, Gabriele and Kapaj, Armand and Zhu, Rui and Giudice, Nicholas A. and Manley, Ed},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2026.0},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-278462},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2026.0},
  annote =	{Keywords: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}
}
Document
Short Paper
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2026.29
Feeling the Heat? Heat Stress Impairs Landmark but Not Route Knowledge in a VR Navigation Task (Short Paper)

Authors: Alessandro J. Pierro, Sara I. Fabrikant, and Armand Kapaj

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 393, 17th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2026)

Abstract
With global temperatures rising due to climate change, heat stress is becoming an increasingly prevalent condition affecting everyday navigation. Acute heat stress is known to impair complex human cognitive functioning, including memory, attention, and executive functioning. Yet, the influence of heat stress on spatial learning during navigation remains unexplored. Therefore, we conducted a VR navigation study to assess the influence of heat stress on landmark and route knowledge acquisition. Forty-six healthy adults followed a predefined route through a VR urban environment featuring intersections with and without visually salient landmarks, under either heat stress (36-38°C) or a control condition (24.5°C). We found that heat stress significantly impaired overall landmark knowledge, especially at intersections without salient landmarks, where performance failed to exceed chance level. Route knowledge, however, remained unaffected by heat stress regardless of landmark presence. These findings provide novel empirical evidence that acute heat stress selectively impairs spatial learning, highlighting the need for further research into how rising temperatures may affect human spatial cognition during navigation.
Cite as

Alessandro J. Pierro, Sara I. Fabrikant, and Armand Kapaj. Feeling the Heat? Heat Stress Impairs Landmark but Not Route Knowledge in a VR Navigation Task (Short Paper). In 17th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 393, pp. 29:1-29:9, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{pierro_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2026.29,
  author =	{Pierro, Alessandro J. and Fabrikant, Sara I. and Kapaj, Armand},
  title =	{{Feeling the Heat? Heat Stress Impairs Landmark but Not Route Knowledge in a VR Navigation Task}},
  booktitle =	{17th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2026)},
  pages =	{29:1--29:9},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-438-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{393},
  editor =	{Timpf, Sabine and Filomena, Gabriele and Kapaj, Armand and Zhu, Rui and Giudice, Nicholas A. and Manley, Ed},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2026.29},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-275736},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2026.29},
  annote =	{Keywords: Heat stress, landmarks, spatial learning, VR navigation}
}
Document
Short Paper
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.13
Long-Term Landmark and Route Memory Retention Acquired in a Real-World Map-Aided Navigation Task (Short Paper)

Authors: Armand Kapaj, Christopher Hilton, and Sara I. Fabrikant

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 315, 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)

Abstract
The visualization of landmarks in mobile maps has become a popular countermeasure to the negative effect navigation aids have on spatial learning. Landmarks are salient environmental cues that serve as cognitive anchors during navigation, facilitating spatial memory formation and long-term retention. However, longitudinal studies assessing long-term spatial memory retention acquired during mobile map-assisted navigation in the real world and what role visualized landmarks play in this context are still scarce. We report on a longitudinal study to assess long-term spatial memory retention of wayfinders who, two years prior, navigated only once a real-world route prescribed with a mobile map aid enriched with visually salient task-relevant landmarks. We report preliminary results on their long-term memory retention of acquired landmark and route knowledge. We found that participants retained meaningful long-term landmark and route knowledge over the two-year study period. While landmark knowledge decreased over the test-retest sessions, gained route knowledge was unaffected. These ecologically valid results contribute to a better understanding of spatial memory formation and long-term retention after one route exposure through a real-world environment, aided by a mobile map enriched with salient landmarks.
Cite as

Armand Kapaj, Christopher Hilton, and Sara I. Fabrikant. Long-Term Landmark and Route Memory Retention Acquired in a Real-World Map-Aided Navigation Task (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 13:1-13:9, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{kapaj_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.13,
  author =	{Kapaj, Armand and Hilton, Christopher and Fabrikant, Sara I.},
  title =	{{Long-Term Landmark and Route Memory Retention Acquired in a Real-World Map-Aided Navigation Task}},
  booktitle =	{16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
  pages =	{13:1--13:9},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-330-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{315},
  editor =	{Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208281},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: Long-term, spatial memory, retention, map-aided, real-world navigation}
}
Document
Short Paper
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2022.15
The Effect of Abstract vs. Realistic 3D Visualization on Landmark and Route Knowledge Acquisition (Short Paper)

Authors: Armand Kapaj, Enru Lin, and Sara Lanini-Maggi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 240, 15th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2022)

Abstract
Even though humans perform it daily, navigation is a cognitively challenging process. Landmarks have been shown to facilitate navigation by scaffolding humans’ mental representation of space. However, how landmarks can be effectively communicated to pedestrians to support spatial learning of the traversed environment remains an open question. Therefore, we assessed how the visualization of landmarks on a mobile map (i.e., abstract 3D vs. realistic 3D symbols) influences participants’ spatial learning, visual attention allocation, and cognitive load during an outdoor map-assisted navigation task. We report initial results on how exposing pedestrians to different landmark visualization styles on mobile maps while navigating along a given route in an urban environment can have differing effects on how they remember landmarks and routes. Specifically, we find that navigators better remember landmarks visualized as 3D realistic-looking symbols compared to 3D abstract landmark symbols on the mobile map. The pattern of results shows that displaying realistic 3D landmark symbols at intersections potentially helps participants to remember route directions better than with landmarks depicted as abstract 3D symbols. The presented methodological approach contributes ecologically valid insights to further understand how the design of landmarks on mobile maps could support wayfinders' spatial learning during map-assisted navigation.
Cite as

Armand Kapaj, Enru Lin, and Sara Lanini-Maggi. The Effect of Abstract vs. Realistic 3D Visualization on Landmark and Route Knowledge Acquisition (Short Paper). In 15th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 240, pp. 15:1-15:8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{kapaj_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2022.15,
  author =	{Kapaj, Armand and Lin, Enru and Lanini-Maggi, Sara},
  title =	{{The Effect of Abstract vs. Realistic 3D Visualization on Landmark and Route Knowledge Acquisition}},
  booktitle =	{15th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2022)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:8},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-257-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{240},
  editor =	{Ishikawa, Toru and Fabrikant, Sara Irina and Winter, Stephan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2022.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-169000},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2022.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: Abstraction, realism, 3D, landmark visualization, mobile map design, cartography, real-world navigation, spatial learning}
}

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