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Modeling Loss-Versus-Rebalancing in Automated Market Makers via Continuous-Installment Options

Authors: Srisht Fateh Singh, Reina Ke Xin Li, Samuel Gaskin, Yuntao Wu, Jeffrey Klinck, Panagiotis Michalopoulos, Zissis Poulos, and Andreas Veneris

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 354, 7th Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies (AFT 2025)


Abstract
This paper mathematically models a constant-function automated market maker (CFAMM) position as a portfolio of exotic options, known as perpetual American continuous-installment (CI) options. This model replicates an AMM position’s delta at each point in time over an infinite time horizon, thus taking into account the perpetual nature and optionality to withdraw of liquidity provision. This framework yields two key theoretical results: (a) It proves that the AMM’s adverse-selection cost, loss-versus-rebalancing (LVR), is analytically identical to the continuous funding fees (the time value decay or theta) earned by the at-the-money CI option embedded in the replicating portfolio. (b) A special case of this model derives an AMM liquidity position’s delta profile and boundaries that suffer approximately constant LVR, up to a bounded residual error, over an arbitrarily long forward window. Finally, the paper describes how the constant volatility parameter required by the perpetual option can be calibrated from the term structure of implied volatilities and estimates the errors for both implied volatility calibration and LVR residual error. Thus, this work provides a practical framework enabling liquidity providers to choose an AMM liquidity profile and price boundaries for an arbitrarily long, forward-looking time window where they can expect an approximately constant, price-independent LVR. The results establish a rigorous option-theoretic interpretation of AMMs and their LVR, and provide actionable guidance for liquidity providers in estimating future adverse-selection costs and optimizing position parameters.

Cite as

Srisht Fateh Singh, Reina Ke Xin Li, Samuel Gaskin, Yuntao Wu, Jeffrey Klinck, Panagiotis Michalopoulos, Zissis Poulos, and Andreas Veneris. Modeling Loss-Versus-Rebalancing in Automated Market Makers via Continuous-Installment Options. In 7th Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies (AFT 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 354, pp. 6:1-6:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{singh_et_al:LIPIcs.AFT.2025.6,
  author =	{Singh, Srisht Fateh and Li, Reina Ke Xin and Gaskin, Samuel and Wu, Yuntao and Klinck, Jeffrey and Michalopoulos, Panagiotis and Poulos, Zissis and Veneris, Andreas},
  title =	{{Modeling Loss-Versus-Rebalancing in Automated Market Makers via Continuous-Installment Options}},
  booktitle =	{7th Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies (AFT 2025)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-400-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{354},
  editor =	{Avarikioti, Zeta and Christin, Nicolas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.AFT.2025.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-247256},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.AFT.2025.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: blockchain, decentralized finance, automated market makers, mathematical finance, perpetual options, continuous installments}
}
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