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Composition Schemes: q-Enumerations and Phase Transitions in Gibbs Models

Authors: Cyril Banderier, Markus Kuba, Stephan Wagner, and Michael Wallner

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 302, 35th International Conference on Probabilistic, Combinatorial and Asymptotic Methods for the Analysis of Algorithms (AofA 2024)


Abstract
Composition schemes are ubiquitous in combinatorics, statistical mechanics and probability theory. We give a unifying explanation to various phenomena observed in the combinatorial and statistical physics literature in the context of q-enumeration (this is a model where objects with a parameter of value k have a Gibbs measure/Boltzmann weight q^k). For structures enumerated by a composition scheme, we prove a phase transition for any parameter having such a Gibbs measure: for a critical value q = q_c, the limit law of the parameter is a two-parameter Mittag-Leffler distribution, while it is Gaussian in the supercritical regime (q > q_c), and it is a Boltzmann distribution in the subcritical regime (0 < q < q_c). We apply our results to fundamental statistics of lattice paths and quarter-plane walks. We also explain previously observed limit laws for pattern-restricted permutations, and a phenomenon uncovered by Krattenthaler for the wall contacts in watermelons.

Cite as

Cyril Banderier, Markus Kuba, Stephan Wagner, and Michael Wallner. Composition Schemes: q-Enumerations and Phase Transitions in Gibbs Models. In 35th International Conference on Probabilistic, Combinatorial and Asymptotic Methods for the Analysis of Algorithms (AofA 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 302, pp. 7:1-7:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{banderier_et_al:LIPIcs.AofA.2024.7,
  author =	{Banderier, Cyril and Kuba, Markus and Wagner, Stephan and Wallner, Michael},
  title =	{{Composition Schemes: q-Enumerations and Phase Transitions in Gibbs Models}},
  booktitle =	{35th International Conference on Probabilistic, Combinatorial and Asymptotic Methods for the Analysis of Algorithms (AofA 2024)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-329-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{302},
  editor =	{Mailler, C\'{e}cile and Wild, Sebastian},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.AofA.2024.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-204427},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.AofA.2024.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Composition schemes, q-enumeration, generating functions, Gibbs distribution, phase transitions, limit laws, Mittag-Leffler distribution, chi distribution, Boltzmann distribution}
}