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Documents authored by Sedaghat, Nafiseh

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2020.2
An Interpretable Classification Method for Predicting Drug Resistance in M. Tuberculosis

Authors: Hooman Zabeti, Nick Dexter, Amir Hosein Safari, Nafiseh Sedaghat, Maxwell Libbrecht, and Leonid Chindelevitch

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 172, 20th International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI 2020)

Abstract
Motivation: The prediction of drug resistance and the identification of its mechanisms in bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis, is a challenging problem. Modern methods based on testing against a catalogue of previously identified mutations often yield poor predictive performance. On the other hand, machine learning techniques have demonstrated high predictive accuracy, but many of them lack interpretability to aid in identifying specific mutations which lead to resistance. We propose a novel technique, inspired by the group testing problem and Boolean compressed sensing, which yields highly accurate predictions and interpretable results at the same time. Results: We develop a modified version of the Boolean compressed sensing problem for identifying drug resistance, and implement its formulation as an integer linear program. This allows us to characterize the predictive accuracy of the technique and select an appropriate metric to optimize. A simple adaptation of the problem also allows us to quantify the sensitivity-specificity trade-off of our model under different regimes. We test the predictive accuracy of our approach on a variety of commonly used antibiotics in treating tuberculosis and find that it has accuracy comparable to that of standard machine learning models and points to several genes with previously identified association to drug resistance.
Cite as

Hooman Zabeti, Nick Dexter, Amir Hosein Safari, Nafiseh Sedaghat, Maxwell Libbrecht, and Leonid Chindelevitch. An Interpretable Classification Method for Predicting Drug Resistance in M. Tuberculosis. In 20th International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 172, pp. 2:1-2:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{zabeti_et_al:LIPIcs.WABI.2020.2,
  author =	{Zabeti, Hooman and Dexter, Nick and Safari, Amir Hosein and Sedaghat, Nafiseh and Libbrecht, Maxwell and Chindelevitch, Leonid},
  title =	{{An Interpretable Classification Method for Predicting Drug Resistance in M. Tuberculosis}},
  booktitle =	{20th International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI 2020)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-161-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{172},
  editor =	{Kingsford, Carl and Pisanti, Nadia},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2020.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-127911},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2020.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Drug resistance, whole-genome sequencing, interpretable machine learning, integer linear programming, rule-based learning}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2018.6
Speeding up Dualization in the Fredman-Khachiyan Algorithm B

Authors: Nafiseh Sedaghat, Tamon Stephen, and Leonid Chindelevitch

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 103, 17th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2018)

Abstract
The problem of computing the dual of a monotone Boolean function f is a fundamental problem in theoretical computer science with numerous applications. The related problem of duality testing (given two monotone Boolean functions f and g, declare that they are dual or provide a certificate that shows they are not) has a complexity that is not yet known. However, two quasi-polynomial time algorithms for it, often referred to as FK-A and FK-B, were proposed by Fredman and Khachiyan in 1996, with the latter having a better complexity guarantee. These can be naturally used as a subroutine in computing the dual of f. In this paper, we investigate this use of the FK-B algorithm for the computation of the dual of a monotone Boolean function, and present practical improvements to its performance. First, we show how FK-B can be modified to produce multiple certificates (Boolean vectors on which the functions defined by the original f and the current dual g do not provide outputs consistent with duality). Second, we show how the number of redundancy tests - one of the more costly and time-consuming steps of FK-B - can be substantially reduced in this context. Lastly, we describe a simple memoization technique that avoids the solution of multiple identical subproblems. We test our approach on a number of inputs coming from computational biology as well as combinatorics. These modifications provide a substantial speed-up, as much as an order of magnitude, for FK-B dualization relative to a naive implementation. Although other methods may end up being faster in practice, our work paves the way for a principled optimization process for the generation of monotone Boolean functions and their duals from an oracle.
Cite as

Nafiseh Sedaghat, Tamon Stephen, and Leonid Chindelevitch. Speeding up Dualization in the Fredman-Khachiyan Algorithm B. In 17th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 103, pp. 6:1-6:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{sedaghat_et_al:LIPIcs.SEA.2018.6,
  author =	{Sedaghat, Nafiseh and Stephen, Tamon and Chindelevitch, Leonid},
  title =	{{Speeding up Dualization in the Fredman-Khachiyan Algorithm B}},
  booktitle =	{17th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2018)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-070-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{103},
  editor =	{D'Angelo, Gianlorenzo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2018.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-89413},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2018.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Monotone boolean functions, dualization, Fredman-Khachiyan algorithm, algorithm engineering, metabolic networks}
}
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