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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2022.12

A Neuro-Symbolic Approach for Real-World Event Recognition from Weak Supervision

Authors: Gianluca Apriceno, Andrea Passerini, and Luciano Serafini

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 247, 29th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2022)

Abstract

Events are structured entities involving different components (e.g, the participants, their roles etc.) and their relations. Structured events are typically defined in terms of (a subset of) simpler, atomic events and a set of temporal relation between them. Temporal Event Detection (TED) is the task of detecting structured and atomic events within data streams, most often text or video sequences, and has numerous applications, from video surveillance to sports analytics. Existing deep learning approaches solve TED task by implicitly learning the temporal correlations among events from data. As consequence, these approaches often fail in ensuring a consistent prediction in terms of the relationship between structured and atomic events. On the other hand, neuro-symbolic approaches have shown their capability to constrain the output of the neural networks to be consistent with respect to the background knowledge of the domain. In this paper, we propose a neuro-symbolic approach for TED in a real world scenario involving sports activities. We show how by incorporating simple knowledge involving the relative order of atomic events and constraints on their duration, the approach substantially outperforms a fully neural solution in terms of recognition accuracy, when little or even no supervision is available on the atomic events.

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Gianluca Apriceno, Andrea Passerini, and Luciano Serafini. A Neuro-Symbolic Approach for Real-World Event Recognition from Weak Supervision. In 29th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 247, pp. 12:1-12:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{apriceno_et_al:LIPIcs.TIME.2022.12,
  author =	{Apriceno, Gianluca and Passerini, Andrea and Serafini, Luciano},
  title =	{{A Neuro-Symbolic Approach for Real-World Event Recognition from Weak Supervision}},
  booktitle =	{29th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2022)},
  pages =	{12:1--12:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-262-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{247},
  editor =	{Artikis, Alexander and Posenato, Roberto and Tonetta, Stefano},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2022.12},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-172594},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2022.12},
  annote =	{Keywords: structured events, temporal event detection, neuro-symbolic integration}
}

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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2021.11

A Neuro-Symbolic Approach to Structured Event Recognition

Authors: Gianluca Apriceno, Andrea Passerini, and Luciano Serafini

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 206, 28th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2021)

Abstract

Events are structured entities with multiple components: the event type, the participants with their roles, the outcome, the sub-events etc. A fully end-to-end approach for event recognition from raw data sequence, therefore, should also solve a number of simpler tasks like recognizing the objects involved in the events and their roles, the outcome of the events as well as the sub-events. Ontological knowledge about event structure, specified in logic languages, could be very useful to solve the aforementioned challenges. However, the majority of successful approaches in event recognition from raw data are based on purely neural approaches (mainly recurrent neural networks), with limited, if any, support for background knowledge. These approaches typically require large training sets with detailed annotations at the different levels in which recognition can be decomposed (e.g., video annotated with object bounding boxes, object roles, events and sub-events). In this paper, we propose a neuro-symbolic approach for structured event recognition from raw data that uses "shallow" annotation on the high-level events and exploits background knowledge to propagate this supervision to simpler tasks such as object classification. We develop a prototype of the approach and compare it with a purely neural solution based on recurrent neural networks, showing the higher capability of solving both the event recognition task and the simpler task of object classification, as well as the ability to generalize to events with unseen outcomes.

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Gianluca Apriceno, Andrea Passerini, and Luciano Serafini. A Neuro-Symbolic Approach to Structured Event Recognition. In 28th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 206, pp. 11:1-11:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{apriceno_et_al:LIPIcs.TIME.2021.11,
  author =	{Apriceno, Gianluca and Passerini, Andrea and Serafini, Luciano},
  title =	{{A Neuro-Symbolic Approach to Structured Event Recognition}},
  booktitle =	{28th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2021)},
  pages =	{11:1--11:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-206-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{206},
  editor =	{Combi, Carlo and Eder, Johann and Reynolds, Mark},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2021.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-147876},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2021.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: Event recognition, learning and reasoning, neuro-symbolic integration}
}

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A Neuro-Symbolic Approach for Real-World Event Recognition from Weak Supervision

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A Neuro-Symbolic Approach to Structured Event Recognition

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