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Making an Oriented Graph Acyclic Using Inversions of Bounded or Prescribed Size

Authors: Jørgen Bang-Jensen, Frédéric Havet, Florian Hörsch, Clément Rambaud, Amadeus Reinald, and Caroline Silva

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 376, 52nd International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science (WG 2026)


Abstract
Given an oriented graph D, the inversion of a subset X of vertices consists in reversing the orientation of all arcs with both endpoints in X. When the subset X is of size p (resp. at most p), this operation is called an (= p)-inversion (resp. (⩽ p)-inversion). Then, an oriented graph is (= p)-invertible if it can be made acyclic by a sequence of p-inversions. We observe that, for n = |V(D)|, deciding whether D is (= n-1)-invertible is equivalent to deciding whether D is acyclically pushable, and thus NP-complete. In all other cases, whenever p ≠ n-1, we construct a polynomial-time algorithm deciding (= p)-invertibility. We then consider the (= p)-inversion number, inv^{= p}(D) (resp. (⩽ p)-inversion number, inv^{⩽ p}(D)), defined as the minimum number of (= p)-inversions (resp. (⩽ p)-inversions) rendering D acyclic. We show that every (= p)-invertible digraph D satisfies inv^{= p}(D) ⩽ |A(D)| for every integer p ⩾ 2. When p is even, we moreover bound inv^{= p} by a (linear) function of the feedback arc set number, and rule out the existence of any bounding function for odd p. Finally, we study the complexity of deciding whether the (= p)-inversion number, or the (⩽ p)-inversion number, of a given oriented graph is at most a given integer k. For any fixed positive integer p ⩾ 2, when k is part of the input, we show that both problems are NP-hard even in tournaments. In general oriented graphs, we prove W[1]-hardness for both problems when parameterized by p, even for k = 1. In contrast, we exhibit polynomial kernels in p + k for both problems in tournaments.

Cite as

Jørgen Bang-Jensen, Frédéric Havet, Florian Hörsch, Clément Rambaud, Amadeus Reinald, and Caroline Silva. Making an Oriented Graph Acyclic Using Inversions of Bounded or Prescribed Size. In 52nd International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science (WG 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 376, pp. 7:1-7:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{bangjensen_et_al:LIPIcs.WG.2026.7,
  author =	{Bang-Jensen, J{\o}rgen and Havet, Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric and H\"{o}rsch, Florian and Rambaud, Cl\'{e}ment and Reinald, Amadeus and Silva, Caroline},
  title =	{{Making an Oriented Graph Acyclic Using Inversions of Bounded or Prescribed Size}},
  booktitle =	{52nd International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science (WG 2026)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-430-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{376},
  editor =	{Goedgebeur, Jan and Rz\k{a}\.{z}ewski, Pawe{\l}},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.WG.2026.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-261733},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.WG.2026.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: digraph, inversion, orientation, NP-hardness, acyclic, reconfiguration}
}
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