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Documents authored by Tolmach, Andrew

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2024.36
Defining and Preserving More C Behaviors: Verified Compilation Using a Concrete Memory Model

Authors: Andrew Tolmach, Chris Chhak, and Sean Anderson

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 309, 15th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2024)

Abstract
We propose a concrete ("pointer as integer") memory semantics for C that supports verified compilation to a target environment having simple "public vs. private" data protection based on tagging or sandboxing (such as the WebAssembly virtual machine). Our semantics gives definition to a range of legacy programming idioms that cause undefined behavior in standard C, and are not covered by existing verified compilers, but that often work in practice. Compiler correctness in this context implies that target programs are secure against all control-flow attacks (although not against data-only attacks). To avoid tying our semantics too closely to particular compiler implementation choices, it is parameterized by a novel form of oracle that non-deterministically chooses the addresses of stack and heap allocations. As a proof-of-concept, we formalize a small RTL-like language and verify two-way refinement for a compiler from this language to a low-level machine and runtime system with hardware tagging. Our Coq formalization and proofs are provided as supplementary material.
Cite as

Andrew Tolmach, Chris Chhak, and Sean Anderson. Defining and Preserving More C Behaviors: Verified Compilation Using a Concrete Memory Model. In 15th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 309, pp. 36:1-36:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{tolmach_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2024.36,
  author =	{Tolmach, Andrew and Chhak, Chris and Anderson, Sean},
  title =	{{Defining and Preserving More C Behaviors: Verified Compilation Using a Concrete Memory Model}},
  booktitle =	{15th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2024)},
  pages =	{36:1--36:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-337-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{309},
  editor =	{Bertot, Yves and Kutsia, Temur and Norrish, Michael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2024.36},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-207643},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2024.36},
  annote =	{Keywords: Compiler verification, C language semantics, Coq proof assistant}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.EVCS.2023.27
Eelco Visser: The Oregon Connection

Authors: Andrew Tolmach

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 109, Eelco Visser Commemorative Symposium (EVCS 2023)

Abstract
This paper shares some memories of Eelco gathered over the past 25 years as a colleague and friend, and reflects on the nature of modern international collaborations.
Cite as

Andrew Tolmach. Eelco Visser: The Oregon Connection. In Eelco Visser Commemorative Symposium (EVCS 2023). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 109, pp. 27:1-27:6, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{tolmach:OASIcs.EVCS.2023.27,
  author =	{Tolmach, Andrew},
  title =	{{Eelco Visser: The Oregon Connection}},
  booktitle =	{Eelco Visser Commemorative Symposium (EVCS 2023)},
  pages =	{27:1--27:6},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-267-9},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{109},
  editor =	{L\"{a}mmel, Ralf and Mosses, Peter D. and Steimann, Friedrich},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.EVCS.2023.27},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-177971},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.EVCS.2023.27},
  annote =	{Keywords: Eelco Visser, Stratego, scope graphs}
}
Document
Complete Volume
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2019
LIPIcs, Volume 141, ITP'19, Complete Volume

Authors: John Harrison, John O'Leary, and Andrew Tolmach

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 141, 10th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2019)

Abstract
LIPIcs, Volume 141, ITP'19, Complete Volume
Cite as

10th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 141, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@Proceedings{harrison_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2019,
  title =	{{LIPIcs, Volume 141, ITP'19, Complete Volume}},
  booktitle =	{10th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2019)},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-122-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{141},
  editor =	{Harrison, John and O'Leary, John and Tolmach, Andrew},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2019},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-112972},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2019},
  annote =	{Keywords: Theory of computation, Logic}
}
Document
Front Matter
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2019.0
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization

Authors: John Harrison, John O'Leary, and Andrew Tolmach

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 141, 10th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2019)

Abstract
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Cite as

10th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 141, pp. 0:i-0:xiv, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{harrison_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2019.0,
  author =	{Harrison, John and O'Leary, John and Tolmach, Andrew},
  title =	{{Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}},
  booktitle =	{10th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2019)},
  pages =	{0:i--0:xiv},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-122-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{141},
  editor =	{Harrison, John and O'Leary, John and Tolmach, Andrew},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2019.0},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-110550},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2019.0},
  annote =	{Keywords: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2019.4
Scopes and Frames Improve Meta-Interpreter Specialization

Authors: Vlad Vergu, Andrew Tolmach, and Eelco Visser

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 134, 33rd European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2019)

Abstract
DynSem is a domain-specific language for concise specification of the dynamic semantics of programming languages, aimed at rapid experimentation and evolution of language designs. To maintain a short definition-to-execution cycle, DynSem specifications are meta-interpreted. Meta-interpretation introduces runtime overhead that is difficult to remove by using interpreter optimization frameworks such as the Truffle/Graal Java tools; previous work has shown order-of-magnitude improvements from applying Truffle/Graal to a meta-interpreter, but this is still far slower than what can be achieved with a language-specific interpreter. In this paper, we show how specifying the meta-interpreter using scope graphs, which encapsulate static name binding and resolution information, produces much better optimization results from Truffle/Graal. Furthermore, we identify that JIT compilation is hindered by large numbers of calls between small polymorphic rules and we introduce rule cloning to derive larger monomorphic rules at run time as a countermeasure. Our contributions improve the performance of DynSem-derived interpreters to within an order of magnitude of a handwritten language-specific interpreter.
Cite as

Vlad Vergu, Andrew Tolmach, and Eelco Visser. Scopes and Frames Improve Meta-Interpreter Specialization. In 33rd European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 134, pp. 4:1-4:30, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{vergu_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2019.4,
  author =	{Vergu, Vlad and Tolmach, Andrew and Visser, Eelco},
  title =	{{Scopes and Frames Improve Meta-Interpreter Specialization}},
  booktitle =	{33rd European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2019)},
  pages =	{4:1--4:30},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-111-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{134},
  editor =	{Donaldson, Alastair F.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2019.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-107969},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2019.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: Definitional interpreters, partial evaluation}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2016.20
Scopes Describe Frames: A Uniform Model for Memory Layout in Dynamic Semantics

Authors: Casper Bach Poulsen, Pierre Néron, Andrew Tolmach, and Eelco Visser

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 56, 30th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2016)

Abstract
Semantic specifications do not make a systematic connection between the names and scopes in the static structure of a program and memory layout, and access during its execution. In this paper, we introduce a systematic approach to the alignment of names in static semantics and memory in dynamic semantics, building on the scope graph framework for name resolution. We develop a uniform memory model consisting of frames that instantiate the scopes in the scope graph of a program. This provides a language-independent correspondence between static scopes and run-time memory layout, and between static resolution paths and run-time memory access paths. The approach scales to a range of binding features, supports straightforward type soundness proofs, and provides the basis for a language-independent specification of sound reachability-based garbage collection.
Cite as

Casper Bach Poulsen, Pierre Néron, Andrew Tolmach, and Eelco Visser. Scopes Describe Frames: A Uniform Model for Memory Layout in Dynamic Semantics. In 30th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 56, pp. 20:1-20:26, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{bachpoulsen_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2016.20,
  author =	{Bach Poulsen, Casper and N\'{e}ron, Pierre and Tolmach, Andrew and Visser, Eelco},
  title =	{{Scopes Describe Frames: A Uniform Model for Memory Layout in Dynamic Semantics}},
  booktitle =	{30th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2016)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:26},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-014-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{56},
  editor =	{Krishnamurthi, Shriram and Lerner, Benjamin S.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2016.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-61140},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2016.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: Dynamic semantics, scope graphs, memory layout, type soundness, operational semantics}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DARTS.2.1.10
Scopes Describe Frames: A Uniform Model for Memory Layout in Dynamic Semantics (Artifact)

Authors: Casper Bach Poulsen, Pierre Néron, Andrew Tolmach, and Eelco Visser

Published in: DARTS, Volume 2, Issue 1, Special Issue of the 30th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2016)

Abstract
Our paper introduces a systematic approach to the alignment of names in the static structure of a program, and memory layout and access during its execution. We develop a uniform memory model consisting of frames that instantiate the scopes in the scope graph of a program. This provides a language-independent correspondence between static scopes and run-time memory layout, and between static resolution paths and run-time memory access paths. The approach scales to a range of binding features, supports straightforward type soundness proofs, and provides the basis for a language-independent specification of sound reachability-based garbage collection. This Coq artifact showcases how our uniform model for memory layout in dynamic semantics provides structure to type soundness proofs. The artifact contains type soundness proofs mechanized in Coq for (supersets of) all languages in the paper. The type soundness proofs rely on a language-independent framework formalizing scope graphs and frame heaps.
Cite as

Casper Bach Poulsen, Pierre Néron, Andrew Tolmach, and Eelco Visser. Scopes Describe Frames: A Uniform Model for Memory Layout in Dynamic Semantics (Artifact). In Special Issue of the 30th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2016). Dagstuhl Artifacts Series (DARTS), Volume 2, Issue 1, pp. 10:1-10:3, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@Article{bachpoulsen_et_al:DARTS.2.1.10,
  author =	{Bach Poulsen, Casper and Néron, Pierre and Tolmach, Andrew and Visser, Eelco},
  title =	{{Scopes Describe Frames: A Uniform Model for Memory Layout in Dynamic Semantics (Artifact)}},
  pages =	{10:1--10:3},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Artifacts Series},
  ISSN =	{2509-8195},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{2},
  number =	{1},
  editor =	{Bach Poulsen, Casper and Néron, Pierre and Tolmach, Andrew and Visser, Eelco},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DARTS.2.1.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-61314},
  doi =		{10.4230/DARTS.2.1.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: Dynamic semantics, scope graphs, memory layout, type soundness, operational semantics}
}
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