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Analyzing and Benchmarking ZK-Rollups

Authors: Stefanos Chaliasos, Itamar Reif, Adrià Torralba-Agell, Jens Ernstberger, Assimakis Kattis, and Benjamin Livshits

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 316, 6th Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies (AFT 2024)


Abstract
As blockchain technology continues to transform the realm of digital transactions, scalability has emerged as a critical issue. This challenge has spurred the creation of innovative solutions, particularly Layer 2 scalability techniques like rollups. Among these, ZK-Rollups are notable for employing Zero-Knowledge Proofs to facilitate prompt on-chain transaction verification, thereby improving scalability and efficiency without sacrificing security. Nevertheless, the intrinsic complexity of ZK-Rollups has hindered an exhaustive evaluation of their efficiency, economic impact, and performance. This paper offers a theoretical and empirical examination aimed at comprehending and evaluating ZK-Rollups, with particular attention to ZK-EVMs. We conduct a qualitative analysis to break down the costs linked to ZK-Rollups and scrutinize the design choices of well-known implementations. Confronting the inherent difficulties in benchmarking such intricate systems, we introduce a systematic methodology for their assessment, applying our method to two prominent ZK-Rollups: Polygon zkEVM and zkSync Era. Our research provides initial findings that illuminate trade-offs and areas for enhancement in ZK-Rollup implementations, delivering valuable insights for future research, development, and deployment of these systems.

Cite as

Stefanos Chaliasos, Itamar Reif, Adrià Torralba-Agell, Jens Ernstberger, Assimakis Kattis, and Benjamin Livshits. Analyzing and Benchmarking ZK-Rollups. In 6th Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies (AFT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 316, pp. 6:1-6:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{chaliasos_et_al:LIPIcs.AFT.2024.6,
  author =	{Chaliasos, Stefanos and Reif, Itamar and Torralba-Agell, Adri\`{a} and Ernstberger, Jens and Kattis, Assimakis and Livshits, Benjamin},
  title =	{{Analyzing and Benchmarking ZK-Rollups}},
  booktitle =	{6th Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies (AFT 2024)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-345-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{316},
  editor =	{B\"{o}hme, Rainer and Kiffer, Lucianna},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.AFT.2024.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-209420},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.AFT.2024.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Zero-Knowledge Proofs, ZK-Rollups, Benchmarking, Blockchain Scalability}
}
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