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Documents authored by Toscano, Stefano

Artifact
Software
DOI: 10.4230/artifacts.26589
dessertlab/preempt-k8s

Authors: Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, Raffaele Della Corte, and Stefano Toscano

Abstract
Cite as

Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, Raffaele Della Corte, Stefano Toscano. dessertlab/preempt-k8s (Software, Source Code). Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@misc{dagstuhl-artifact-26589,
   title = {{dessertlab/preempt-k8s}}, 
   author = {Cinque, Marcello and De Simone, Luigi and Della Corte, Raffaele and Toscano, Stefano},
   note = {Software, version 1.0., swhId: \href{https://archive.softwareheritage.org/swh:1:dir:aa067aa2469f1a7a0ef5dad20b909e8c1453a6eb;origin=https://github.com/dessertlab/preempt-k8s;visit=swh:1:snp:c60a4b7091464898c78d8f6029fc106cdbdf9060;anchor=swh:1:rev:28da00bba91e1ee5a3c79f1887715daf7a079b33}{\texttt{swh:1:dir:aa067aa2469f1a7a0ef5dad20b909e8c1453a6eb}} (visited on 2026-07-02)},
   url = {https://github.com/dessertlab/preempt-k8s},
   doi = {10.4230/artifacts.26589},
}
Artifact
Software
DOI: 10.4230/artifacts.26590
dessertlab/knative-crd-scaled

Authors: Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, Raffaele Della Corte, and Stefano Toscano

Abstract
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Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, Raffaele Della Corte, Stefano Toscano. dessertlab/knative-crd-scaled (Software, Source Code). Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@misc{dagstuhl-artifact-26590,
   title = {{dessertlab/knative-crd-scaled}}, 
   author = {Cinque, Marcello and De Simone, Luigi and Della Corte, Raffaele and Toscano, Stefano},
   note = {Software, version 1.0., swhId: \href{https://archive.softwareheritage.org/swh:1:dir:248b9febbae1cd09735cc4c896f544e72cbed87b;origin=https://github.com/dessertlab/knative-crd-scaled;visit=swh:1:snp:c4f4f9706ba2e49d8dcb7f21e8d4d976fccd1f69;anchor=swh:1:rev:c29eb1798bcb965736e07e9a1faf6e9156b401f9}{\texttt{swh:1:dir:248b9febbae1cd09735cc4c896f544e72cbed87b}} (visited on 2026-07-02)},
   url = {https://github.com/dessertlab/knative-crd-scaled},
   doi = {10.4230/artifacts.26590},
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2026.22
PREEMPT-FaaS: Taming Orchestration Times in Latency-Sensitive Serverless Environments

Authors: Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, Raffaele Della Corte, and Stefano Toscano

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 375, 38th European Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2026)

Abstract
The orchestration of application instances is critical for the efficient management of cloud computing platforms. Specifically, the serverless paradigm automates container spawning and de-spawning based on actual load, mitigating inefficiencies, such as over- and under-provisioning, that might compromise Service Level Objectives (SLOs). This dynamic behavior introduces significant challenges concerning initialization and termination latencies, which are exacerbated when enforcing real-time requirements in mixed-criticality systems. The existing literature already addresses key issues, such as reducing cold-start times and assuring real-time performance to deployed instances. However, container orchestration times remain an overlooked factor that can severely affect instance startup times, especially when the orchestrator is subject to intense workloads. In this paper, we present PREEMPT-FaaS, an orchestration controller that, unlike commonly adopted controllers, adopts a fixed-priority preemptive scheduling of requests to guarantee reduced orchestration times to high-priority and highly critical instances. We implemented PREEMPT-FaaS as a Rust custom controller for Kubernetes (K8s), along with a patch for Knative, a popular serverless platform built upon K8s. We perform an extensive experimental campaign of PREEMPT-FaaS, including the serving of AI workloads, such as, recurring neural networks and video analytics, showing up to ∼6× reduction of orchestration times under high load and improving end-to-end cold-start times of critical instances, with a consequent reduction of service-level latencies (up to ∼2 s reduction under stress at the 95th percentile).
Cite as

Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, Raffaele Della Corte, and Stefano Toscano. PREEMPT-FaaS: Taming Orchestration Times in Latency-Sensitive Serverless Environments. In 38th European Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 375, pp. 22:1-22:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{cinque_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2026.22,
  author =	{Cinque, Marcello and De Simone, Luigi and Della Corte, Raffaele and Toscano, Stefano},
  title =	{{PREEMPT-FaaS: Taming Orchestration Times in Latency-Sensitive Serverless Environments}},
  booktitle =	{38th European Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2026)},
  pages =	{22:1--22:25},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-429-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{375},
  editor =	{Kritikakou, Angeliki},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2026.22},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-266155},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2026.22},
  annote =	{Keywords: Edge-Cloud, Orchestration, Containers, Mixed-Criticality, Kubernetes}
}
Document
Artifact
DOI: 10.4230/DARTS.12.2.1
PREEMPT-FaaS: Taming Orchestration Times in Latency-Sensitive Serverless Environments (Artifact)

Authors: Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, Raffaele Della Corte, and Stefano Toscano

Published in: DARTS, Volume 12, Issue 2, Special Issue of the 38th European Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2026)

Abstract
The orchestration of application instances is critical for the efficient management of cloud computing platforms. Specifically, the serverless paradigm automates container spawning and de-spawning based on actual load, mitigating inefficiencies, such as over- and under-provisioning, that might compromise Service Level Objectives (SLOs). This dynamic behavior introduces significant challenges concerning initialization and termination latencies, which are exacerbated when enforcing real-time requirements in mixed-criticality systems. The existing literature already addresses key issues, such as reducing cold-start times and assuring real-time performance to deployed instances. However, container orchestration times remain an overlooked factor that can severely affect instance startup times, especially when the orchestrator is subject to intense workloads. In this paper, we present PREEMPT-FaaS, an orchestration controller that, unlike commonly adopted controllers, adopts a fixed-priority preemptive scheduling of requests to guarantee reduced orchestration times to high-priority and highly critical instances. We implemented PREEMPT-FaaS as a Rust custom controller for Kubernetes (K8s), along with a patch for Knative, a popular serverless platform built upon K8s. We perform an extensive experimental campaign of PREEMPT-FaaS, including the serving of AI workloads, such as, recurring neural networks and video analytics, showing up to ∼6× reduction of orchestration times under high load and improving end-to-end cold-start times of critical instances, with a consequent reduction of service-level laencies (up to ∼2 s reduction under stress at the 95th percentile).
Cite as

Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, Raffaele Della Corte, and Stefano Toscano. PREEMPT-FaaS: Taming Orchestration Times in Latency-Sensitive Serverless Environments (Artifact). In Special Issue of the 38th European Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2026). Dagstuhl Artifacts Series (DARTS), Volume 12, Issue 2, pp. 1:1-1:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@Article{cinque_et_al:DARTS.12.2.1,
  author =	{Cinque, Marcello and De Simone, Luigi and Della Corte, Raffaele and Toscano, Stefano},
  title =	{{PREEMPT-FaaS: Taming Orchestration Times in Latency-Sensitive Serverless Environments (Artifact)}},
  pages =	{1:1--1:21},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Artifacts Series},
  ISSN =	{2509-8195},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{12},
  number =	{2},
  editor =	{Cinque, Marcello and De Simone, Luigi and Della Corte, Raffaele and Toscano, Stefano},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DARTS.12.2.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-266185},
  doi =		{10.4230/DARTS.12.2.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Edge-Cloud, Orchestration, Containers, Mixed-Criticality, Kubernetes}
}
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