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Documents authored by Vagnozzi, Danny

Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.103
The Support of Open Versus Closed Random Walks

Authors: Thomas Sauerwald, He Sun, and Danny Vagnozzi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 261, 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)

Abstract
A closed random walk of length 𝓁 on an undirected and connected graph G = (V,E) is a random walk that returns to the start vertex at step 𝓁, and its properties have been recently related to problems in different mathematical fields, e.g., geometry and combinatorics (Jiang et al., Annals of Mathematics '21) and spectral graph theory (McKenzie et al., STOC '21). For instance, in the context of analyzing the eigenvalue multiplicity of graph matrices, McKenzie et al. show that, with high probability, the support of a closed random walk of length 𝓁 ⩾ 1 is Ω(𝓁^{1/5}) on any bounded-degree graph, and leaves as an open problem whether a stronger bound of Ω(𝓁^{1/2}) holds for any regular graph. First, we show that the support of a closed random walk of length 𝓁 is at least Ω(𝓁^{1/2} / √{log n}) for any regular or bounded-degree graph on n vertices. Secondly, we prove for every 𝓁 ⩾ 1 the existence of a family of bounded-degree graphs, together with a start vertex such that the support is bounded by O(𝓁^{1/2}/√{log n}). Besides addressing the open problem of McKenzie et al., these two results also establish a subtle separation between closed random walks and open random walks, for which the support on any regular (or bounded-degree) graph is well-known to be Ω(𝓁^{1/2}) for all 𝓁 ⩾ 1. For irregular graphs, we prove that even if the start vertex is chosen uniformly, the support of a closed random walk may still be O(log 𝓁). This rules out a general polynomial lower bound in 𝓁 for all graphs. Finally, we apply our results on random walks to obtain new bounds on the multiplicity of the second largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrices of graphs.
Cite as

Thomas Sauerwald, He Sun, and Danny Vagnozzi. The Support of Open Versus Closed Random Walks. In 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 261, pp. 103:1-103:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{sauerwald_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.103,
  author =	{Sauerwald, Thomas and Sun, He and Vagnozzi, Danny},
  title =	{{The Support of Open Versus Closed Random Walks}},
  booktitle =	{50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)},
  pages =	{103:1--103:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-278-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{261},
  editor =	{Etessami, Kousha and Feige, Uriel and Puppis, Gabriele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.103},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-181556},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.103},
  annote =	{Keywords: support of random walks, eigenvalue multiplicity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2021.37
On the Relative Power of Linear Algebraic Approximations of Graph Isomorphism

Authors: Anuj Dawar and Danny Vagnozzi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 202, 46th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2021)

Abstract
We compare the capabilities of two approaches to approximating graph isomorphism using linear algebraic methods: the invertible map tests (introduced by Dawar and Holm) and proof systems with algebraic rules, namely polynomial calculus, monomial calculus and Nullstellensatz calculus. In the case of fields of characteristic zero, these variants are all essentially equivalent to the Weisfeiler-Leman algorithms. In positive characteristic we show that the distinguishing power of the monomial calculus is no greater than the invertible map method by simulating the former in a fixed-point logic with solvability operators. In turn, we show that the distinctions made by this logic can be implemented in the Nullstellensatz calculus.
Cite as

Anuj Dawar and Danny Vagnozzi. On the Relative Power of Linear Algebraic Approximations of Graph Isomorphism. In 46th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 202, pp. 37:1-37:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{dawar_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2021.37,
  author =	{Dawar, Anuj and Vagnozzi, Danny},
  title =	{{On the Relative Power of Linear Algebraic Approximations of Graph Isomorphism}},
  booktitle =	{46th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2021)},
  pages =	{37:1--37:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-201-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{202},
  editor =	{Bonchi, Filippo and Puglisi, Simon J.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2021.37},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-144774},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2021.37},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph isomorphism, proof complexity, invertible map tests}
}
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