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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2010.2452

Two-phase Algorithms for the Parametric Shortest Path Problem

Authors: Sourav Chakraborty, Eldar Fischer, Oded Lachish, and Raphael Yuster

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 5, 27th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (2010)

Abstract

A {\em parametric weighted graph} is a graph whose edges are labeled with continuous real functions of a single common variable. For any instantiation of the variable, one obtains a standard edge-weighted graph. Parametric weighted graph problems are generalizations of weighted graph problems, and arise in various natural scenarios. Parametric weighted graph algorithms consist of two phases. A {\em preprocessing phase} whose input is a parametric weighted graph, and whose output is a data structure, the advice, that is later used by the {\em instantiation phase}, where a specific value for the variable is given. The instantiation phase outputs the solution to the (standard) weighted graph problem that arises from the instantiation. The goal is to have the running time of the instantiation phase supersede the running time of any algorithm that solves the weighted graph problem from scratch, by taking advantage of the advice. In this paper we construct several parametric algorithms for the shortest path problem. For the case of linear function weights we present an algorithm for the single source shortest path problem. Its preprocessing phase runs in $\tilde{O}(V^4)$ time, while its instantiation phase runs in only $O(E+V \log V)$ time. The fastest standard algorithm for single source shortest path runs in $O(VE)$ time. For the case of weight functions defined by degree $d$ polynomials, we present an algorithm with quasi-polynomial preprocessing time $O(V^{(1 + \log f(d))\log V})$ and instantiation time only $\tilde{O}(V)$. In fact, for any pair of vertices $u,v$, the instantiation phase computes the distance from $u$ to $v$ in only $O(\log^2 V)$ time. Finally, for linear function weights, we present a randomized algorithm whose preprocessing time is $\tilde{O (V^{3.5})$ and so that for any pair of vertices $u,v$ and any instantiation variable, the instantiation phase computes, in $O(1)$ time, a length of a path from $u$ to $v$ that is at most (additively) $\epsilon$ larger than the length of a shortest path. In particular, an all-pairs shortest path solution, up to an additive constant error, can be computed in $O(V^2)$ time.

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Sourav Chakraborty, Eldar Fischer, Oded Lachish, and Raphael Yuster. Two-phase Algorithms for the Parametric Shortest Path Problem. In 27th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science. Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 5, pp. 167-178, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2010)

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@InProceedings{chakraborty_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2010.2452,
  author =	{Chakraborty, Sourav and Fischer, Eldar and Lachish, Oded and Yuster, Raphael},
  title =	{{Two-phase Algorithms for the Parametric Shortest Path Problem}},
  booktitle =	{27th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science},
  pages =	{167--178},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-16-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2010},
  volume =	{5},
  editor =	{Marion, Jean-Yves and Schwentick, Thomas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2010.2452},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-24523},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2010.2452},
  annote =	{Keywords: Parametric Algorithms, Shortest path problem}
}

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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2009.1811

Hardness and Algorithms for Rainbow Connectivity

Authors: Sourav Chakraborty, Eldar Fischer, Arie Matsliah, and Raphael Yuster

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 3, 26th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (2009)

Abstract

An edge-colored graph $G$ is {\em rainbow connected} if any two vertices are connected by a path whose edges have distinct colors. The {\em rainbow connectivity} of a connected graph $G$, denoted $rc(G)$, is the smallest number of colors that are needed in order to make $G$ rainbow connected. In addition to being a natural combinatorial problem, the rainbow connectivity problem is motivated by applications in cellular networks. In this paper we give the first proof that computing $rc(G)$ is NP-Hard. In fact, we prove that it is already NP-Complete to decide if $rc(G)=2$, and also that it is NP-Complete to decide whether a given edge-colored (with an unbounded number of colors) graph is rainbow connected. On the positive side, we prove that for every $\epsilon >0$, a connected graph with minimum degree at least $\epsilon n$ has bounded rainbow connectivity, where the bound depends only on $\epsilon$, and the corresponding coloring can be constructed in polynomial time. Additional non-trivial upper bounds, as well as open problems and conjectures are also presented.

Cite as

Sourav Chakraborty, Eldar Fischer, Arie Matsliah, and Raphael Yuster. Hardness and Algorithms for Rainbow Connectivity. In 26th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science. Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 3, pp. 243-254, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{chakraborty_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2009.1811,
  author =	{Chakraborty, Sourav and Fischer, Eldar and Matsliah, Arie and Yuster, Raphael},
  title =	{{Hardness and Algorithms for Rainbow Connectivity}},
  booktitle =	{26th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science},
  pages =	{243--254},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-09-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{3},
  editor =	{Albers, Susanne and Marion, Jean-Yves},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2009.1811},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-18115},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2009.1811},
  annote =	{Keywords: }
}

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Documents authored by Yuster, Raphael

Two-phase Algorithms for the Parametric Shortest Path Problem

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Hardness and Algorithms for Rainbow Connectivity

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