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Documents authored by de Michiel, Marianne

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De Michiel, Marianne

Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2017.5
Early WCET Prediction Using Machine Learning

Authors: Armelle Bonenfant, Denis Claraz, Marianne de Michiel, and Pascal Sotin

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 57, 17th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2017)

Abstract
For delivering a precise Worst Case Execution Time (WCET), the WCET static analysers need the executable program and the target architecture. However, a prediction (even coarse) of the future WCET would be helpful at design stages where only the source code is available. We investigate the possibility of creating predictors of the WCET based on the C source code using machine-learning (work in progress). If successful, our proposal would offer to the designer precious information on the WCET of a piece of code at the early stages of the development process.
Cite as

Armelle Bonenfant, Denis Claraz, Marianne de Michiel, and Pascal Sotin. Early WCET Prediction Using Machine Learning. In 17th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2017). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 57, pp. 5:1-5:9, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{bonenfant_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2017.5,
  author =	{Bonenfant, Armelle and Claraz, Denis and de Michiel, Marianne and Sotin, Pascal},
  title =	{{Early WCET Prediction Using Machine Learning}},
  booktitle =	{17th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2017)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:9},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-057-6},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{57},
  editor =	{Reineke, Jan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2017.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-73073},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2017.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Early WCET, Machine Learning, Static Analysis, C Language}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2017.9
The W-SEPT Project: Towards Semantic-Aware WCET Estimation

Authors: Claire Maiza, Pascal Raymond, Catherine Parent-Vigouroux, Armelle Bonenfant, Fabienne Carrier, Hugues Cassé, Philippe Cuenot, Denis Claraz, Nicolas Halbwachs, Erwan Jahier, Hanbing Li, Marianne de Michiel, Vincent Mussot, Isabelle Puaut, Christine Rochange, Erven Rohou, Jordy Ruiz, Pascal Sotin, and Wei-Tsun Sun

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 57, 17th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2017)

Abstract
Critical embedded systems are generally composed of repetitive tasks that must meet hard timing constraints, such as termination deadlines. Providing an upper bound of the worst-case execution time (WCET) of such tasks at design time is necessary to guarantee the correctness of the system. In static WCET analysis, a main source of over-approximation comes from the complexity of the modern hardware platforms: their timing behavior tends to become more unpredictable because of features like caches, pipeline, branch prediction, etc. Another source of over-approximation comes from the software itself: WCET analysis may consider potential worst-cases executions that are actually infeasible, because of the semantics of the program or because they correspond to unrealistic inputs. The W-SEPT project, for "WCET, Semantics, Precision and Traceability", has been carried out to study and exploit the influence of program semantics on the WCET estimation. This paper presents the results of this project : a semantic-aware WCET estimation workflow for high-level designed systems.
Cite as

Claire Maiza, Pascal Raymond, Catherine Parent-Vigouroux, Armelle Bonenfant, Fabienne Carrier, Hugues Cassé, Philippe Cuenot, Denis Claraz, Nicolas Halbwachs, Erwan Jahier, Hanbing Li, Marianne de Michiel, Vincent Mussot, Isabelle Puaut, Christine Rochange, Erven Rohou, Jordy Ruiz, Pascal Sotin, and Wei-Tsun Sun. The W-SEPT Project: Towards Semantic-Aware WCET Estimation. In 17th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2017). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 57, pp. 9:1-9:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{maiza_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2017.9,
  author =	{Maiza, Claire and Raymond, Pascal and Parent-Vigouroux, Catherine and Bonenfant, Armelle and Carrier, Fabienne and Cass\'{e}, Hugues and Cuenot, Philippe and Claraz, Denis and Halbwachs, Nicolas and Jahier, Erwan and Li, Hanbing and de Michiel, Marianne and Mussot, Vincent and Puaut, Isabelle and Rochange, Christine and Rohou, Erven and Ruiz, Jordy and Sotin, Pascal and Sun, Wei-Tsun},
  title =	{{The W-SEPT Project: Towards Semantic-Aware WCET Estimation}},
  booktitle =	{17th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2017)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:13},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-057-6},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{57},
  editor =	{Reineke, Jan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2017.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-73097},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2017.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Worst-case execution time analysis, Static analysis, Program analysis}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2016.3
Expressing and Exploiting Conflicts over Paths in WCET Analysis

Authors: Vincent Mussot, Jordy Ruiz, Pascal Sotin, Marianne de Michiel, and Hugues Cassé

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 55, 16th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2016)

Abstract
The presence of infeasible paths in a program is a source of imprecision in the Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) analysis. Detecting, expressing and exploiting such paths can improve the WCET estimation or, at least, improve the confidence we have in estimation precision. In this article, we propose an extension of the FFX format to express conflicts over paths and we detail two ways of enhancing the WCET analyses with that information. We demonstrate and compare these techniques on the Mälardalen benchmark suite and on C code generated from Esterel.
Cite as

Vincent Mussot, Jordy Ruiz, Pascal Sotin, Marianne de Michiel, and Hugues Cassé. Expressing and Exploiting Conflicts over Paths in WCET Analysis. In 16th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2016). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 55, pp. 3:1-3:11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{mussot_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2016.3,
  author =	{Mussot, Vincent and Ruiz, Jordy and Sotin, Pascal and de Michiel, Marianne and Cass\'{e}, Hugues},
  title =	{{Expressing and Exploiting Conflicts over Paths in WCET Analysis}},
  booktitle =	{16th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2016)},
  pages =	{3:1--3:11},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-025-5},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{55},
  editor =	{Schoeberl, Martin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2016.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-68966},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2016.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: WCET analysis, Infeasible paths, Path conflicts, IPET, CFG transformation}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2009.2290
A Generic Framework for Blackbox Components in WCET Computation

Authors: Clément Ballabriga, Hugues Cassé, and Marianne De Michiel

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 10, 9th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'09) (2009)

Abstract
Validation of embedded hard real-time systems requires the computation of the Worst Case Execution Time (WCET). Although these systems make more and more use of Components Off The Shelf (COTS), the current WCET computation methods are usually applied to whole programs: these analysis methods require access to the whole system code, that is incompatible with the use of COTS. In this paper, after discussing the specific cases of the loop bounds estimation and the instruction cache analysis, we show in a generic way how static analysis involved in WCET computation can be pre-computed on COTS in order to obtain component partial results. These partial results can be distributed with the COTS, in order to compute the WCET in the context of a full application. We describe also the information items to include in the partial result, and we propose an XML exchange format to represent these data. Additionally, we show that the partial analysis enables us to reduce the analysis time while introducing very little pessimism.
Cite as

Clément Ballabriga, Hugues Cassé, and Marianne De Michiel. A Generic Framework for Blackbox Components in WCET Computation. In 9th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'09). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 10, pp. 1-12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{ballabriga_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2009.2290,
  author =	{Ballabriga, Cl\'{e}ment and Cass\'{e}, Hugues and De Michiel, Marianne},
  title =	{{A Generic Framework for Blackbox Components in WCET Computation}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'09)},
  pages =	{1--12},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-14-9},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{10},
  editor =	{Holsti, Niklas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2009.2290},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-22907},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2009.2290},
  annote =	{Keywords: WCET analysis, components, COTS, XML}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1663
WCET 2008 -- Report from the Tool Challenge 2008 -- 8th Intl. Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) Analysis

Authors: Niklas Holsti, Jan Gustafsson, Guillem Bernat, Clément Ballabriga, Armelle Bonenfant, Roman Bourgade, Hugues Cassé, Daniel Cordes, Albrecht Kadlec, Raimund Kirner, Jens Knoop, Paul Lokuciejewski, Nicholas Merriam, Marianne de Michiel, Adrian Prantl, Bernhard Rieder, Christine Rochange, Pascal Sainrat, and Markus Schordan

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 8, 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08) (2008)

Abstract
Following the successful WCET Tool Challenge in 2006, the second event in this series was organized in 2008, again with support from the ARTIST2 Network of Excellence. The WCET Tool Challenge 2008 (WCC'08) provides benchmark programs and poses a number of "analysis problems" about the dynamic, run-time properties of these programs. The participants are challenged to solve these problems with their program analysis tools. Two kinds of problems are defined: WCET problems, which ask for bounds on the execution time of chosen parts (subprograms) of the benchmarks, under given constraints on input data; and flow-analysis problems, which ask for bounds on the number of times certain parts of the benchmark can be executed, again under some constraints. We describe the organization of WCC'08, the benchmark programs, the participating tools, and the general results, successes, and failures. Most participants found WCC'08 to be a useful test of their tools. Unlike the 2006 Challenge, the WCC'08 participants include several tools for the same target (ARM7, LPC2138), and tools that combine measurements and static analysis, as well as pure static-analysis tools.
Cite as

Niklas Holsti, Jan Gustafsson, Guillem Bernat, Clément Ballabriga, Armelle Bonenfant, Roman Bourgade, Hugues Cassé, Daniel Cordes, Albrecht Kadlec, Raimund Kirner, Jens Knoop, Paul Lokuciejewski, Nicholas Merriam, Marianne de Michiel, Adrian Prantl, Bernhard Rieder, Christine Rochange, Pascal Sainrat, and Markus Schordan. WCET 2008 -- Report from the Tool Challenge 2008 -- 8th Intl. Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) Analysis. In 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 8, pp. 1-23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{holsti_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2008.1663,
  author =	{Holsti, Niklas and Gustafsson, Jan and Bernat, Guillem and Ballabriga, Cl\'{e}ment and Bonenfant, Armelle and Bourgade, Roman and Cass\'{e}, Hugues and Cordes, Daniel and Kadlec, Albrecht and Kirner, Raimund and Knoop, Jens and Lokuciejewski, Paul and Merriam, Nicholas and de Michiel, Marianne and Prantl, Adrian and Rieder, Bernhard and Rochange, Christine and Sainrat, Pascal and Schordan, Markus},
  title =	{{WCET 2008 -- Report from the Tool Challenge 2008 -- 8th Intl. Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) Analysis}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08)},
  pages =	{1--23},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-10-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{8},
  editor =	{Kirner, Raimund},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1663},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-16637},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1663},
  annote =	{Keywords: WCET analysis, benchmark}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2006.678
PapaBench: a Free Real-Time Benchmark

Authors: Fadia Nemer, Hugues Cassé, Pascal Sainrat, Jean-Paul Bahsoun, and Marianne De Michiel

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 4, 6th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'06) (2006)

Abstract
This paper presents PapaBench, a free real-time benchmark and compares it with the existing benchmark suites. It is designed to be valuable for experimental works in WCET computation and may be also useful for scheduling analysis. This bench is based on the Paparazzi project that represents a real-time application, developed to be embedded on different Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). In this paper, we explain the transformation process of Paparazzi applied to obtain the PapaBench. We provide a high level AADL model, which reflects the behaviors of each component of the system and their interactions. As the source project, Paparazzi, PapaBench is delivered under the GNU license and is freely available to all researchers. Unlike other usual benchmarks widely used for WCET computation, this one is based on a real and complete real-time embedded application.
Cite as

Fadia Nemer, Hugues Cassé, Pascal Sainrat, Jean-Paul Bahsoun, and Marianne De Michiel. PapaBench: a Free Real-Time Benchmark. In 6th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'06). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 4, pp. 1-6, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2006)

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@InProceedings{nemer_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2006.678,
  author =	{Nemer, Fadia and Cass\'{e}, Hugues and Sainrat, Pascal and Bahsoun, Jean-Paul and De Michiel, Marianne},
  title =	{{PapaBench: a Free Real-Time Benchmark}},
  booktitle =	{6th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'06)},
  pages =	{1--6},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-03-3},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2006},
  volume =	{4},
  editor =	{Mueller, Frank},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2006.678},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-6783},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2006.678},
  annote =	{Keywords: Real-Time Benchmark, Complete Application, Worst Case Execution Time (WCET) Computation, Modeling}
}

de Michiel, Marianne

Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2017.5
Early WCET Prediction Using Machine Learning

Authors: Armelle Bonenfant, Denis Claraz, Marianne de Michiel, and Pascal Sotin

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 57, 17th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2017)

Abstract
For delivering a precise Worst Case Execution Time (WCET), the WCET static analysers need the executable program and the target architecture. However, a prediction (even coarse) of the future WCET would be helpful at design stages where only the source code is available. We investigate the possibility of creating predictors of the WCET based on the C source code using machine-learning (work in progress). If successful, our proposal would offer to the designer precious information on the WCET of a piece of code at the early stages of the development process.
Cite as

Armelle Bonenfant, Denis Claraz, Marianne de Michiel, and Pascal Sotin. Early WCET Prediction Using Machine Learning. In 17th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2017). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 57, pp. 5:1-5:9, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{bonenfant_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2017.5,
  author =	{Bonenfant, Armelle and Claraz, Denis and de Michiel, Marianne and Sotin, Pascal},
  title =	{{Early WCET Prediction Using Machine Learning}},
  booktitle =	{17th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2017)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:9},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-057-6},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{57},
  editor =	{Reineke, Jan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2017.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-73073},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2017.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Early WCET, Machine Learning, Static Analysis, C Language}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2017.9
The W-SEPT Project: Towards Semantic-Aware WCET Estimation

Authors: Claire Maiza, Pascal Raymond, Catherine Parent-Vigouroux, Armelle Bonenfant, Fabienne Carrier, Hugues Cassé, Philippe Cuenot, Denis Claraz, Nicolas Halbwachs, Erwan Jahier, Hanbing Li, Marianne de Michiel, Vincent Mussot, Isabelle Puaut, Christine Rochange, Erven Rohou, Jordy Ruiz, Pascal Sotin, and Wei-Tsun Sun

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 57, 17th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2017)

Abstract
Critical embedded systems are generally composed of repetitive tasks that must meet hard timing constraints, such as termination deadlines. Providing an upper bound of the worst-case execution time (WCET) of such tasks at design time is necessary to guarantee the correctness of the system. In static WCET analysis, a main source of over-approximation comes from the complexity of the modern hardware platforms: their timing behavior tends to become more unpredictable because of features like caches, pipeline, branch prediction, etc. Another source of over-approximation comes from the software itself: WCET analysis may consider potential worst-cases executions that are actually infeasible, because of the semantics of the program or because they correspond to unrealistic inputs. The W-SEPT project, for "WCET, Semantics, Precision and Traceability", has been carried out to study and exploit the influence of program semantics on the WCET estimation. This paper presents the results of this project : a semantic-aware WCET estimation workflow for high-level designed systems.
Cite as

Claire Maiza, Pascal Raymond, Catherine Parent-Vigouroux, Armelle Bonenfant, Fabienne Carrier, Hugues Cassé, Philippe Cuenot, Denis Claraz, Nicolas Halbwachs, Erwan Jahier, Hanbing Li, Marianne de Michiel, Vincent Mussot, Isabelle Puaut, Christine Rochange, Erven Rohou, Jordy Ruiz, Pascal Sotin, and Wei-Tsun Sun. The W-SEPT Project: Towards Semantic-Aware WCET Estimation. In 17th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2017). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 57, pp. 9:1-9:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{maiza_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2017.9,
  author =	{Maiza, Claire and Raymond, Pascal and Parent-Vigouroux, Catherine and Bonenfant, Armelle and Carrier, Fabienne and Cass\'{e}, Hugues and Cuenot, Philippe and Claraz, Denis and Halbwachs, Nicolas and Jahier, Erwan and Li, Hanbing and de Michiel, Marianne and Mussot, Vincent and Puaut, Isabelle and Rochange, Christine and Rohou, Erven and Ruiz, Jordy and Sotin, Pascal and Sun, Wei-Tsun},
  title =	{{The W-SEPT Project: Towards Semantic-Aware WCET Estimation}},
  booktitle =	{17th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2017)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:13},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-057-6},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{57},
  editor =	{Reineke, Jan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2017.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-73097},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2017.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Worst-case execution time analysis, Static analysis, Program analysis}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2016.3
Expressing and Exploiting Conflicts over Paths in WCET Analysis

Authors: Vincent Mussot, Jordy Ruiz, Pascal Sotin, Marianne de Michiel, and Hugues Cassé

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 55, 16th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2016)

Abstract
The presence of infeasible paths in a program is a source of imprecision in the Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) analysis. Detecting, expressing and exploiting such paths can improve the WCET estimation or, at least, improve the confidence we have in estimation precision. In this article, we propose an extension of the FFX format to express conflicts over paths and we detail two ways of enhancing the WCET analyses with that information. We demonstrate and compare these techniques on the Mälardalen benchmark suite and on C code generated from Esterel.
Cite as

Vincent Mussot, Jordy Ruiz, Pascal Sotin, Marianne de Michiel, and Hugues Cassé. Expressing and Exploiting Conflicts over Paths in WCET Analysis. In 16th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2016). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 55, pp. 3:1-3:11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{mussot_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2016.3,
  author =	{Mussot, Vincent and Ruiz, Jordy and Sotin, Pascal and de Michiel, Marianne and Cass\'{e}, Hugues},
  title =	{{Expressing and Exploiting Conflicts over Paths in WCET Analysis}},
  booktitle =	{16th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET 2016)},
  pages =	{3:1--3:11},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-025-5},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{55},
  editor =	{Schoeberl, Martin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2016.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-68966},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2016.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: WCET analysis, Infeasible paths, Path conflicts, IPET, CFG transformation}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2009.2290
A Generic Framework for Blackbox Components in WCET Computation

Authors: Clément Ballabriga, Hugues Cassé, and Marianne De Michiel

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 10, 9th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'09) (2009)

Abstract
Validation of embedded hard real-time systems requires the computation of the Worst Case Execution Time (WCET). Although these systems make more and more use of Components Off The Shelf (COTS), the current WCET computation methods are usually applied to whole programs: these analysis methods require access to the whole system code, that is incompatible with the use of COTS. In this paper, after discussing the specific cases of the loop bounds estimation and the instruction cache analysis, we show in a generic way how static analysis involved in WCET computation can be pre-computed on COTS in order to obtain component partial results. These partial results can be distributed with the COTS, in order to compute the WCET in the context of a full application. We describe also the information items to include in the partial result, and we propose an XML exchange format to represent these data. Additionally, we show that the partial analysis enables us to reduce the analysis time while introducing very little pessimism.
Cite as

Clément Ballabriga, Hugues Cassé, and Marianne De Michiel. A Generic Framework for Blackbox Components in WCET Computation. In 9th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'09). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 10, pp. 1-12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{ballabriga_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2009.2290,
  author =	{Ballabriga, Cl\'{e}ment and Cass\'{e}, Hugues and De Michiel, Marianne},
  title =	{{A Generic Framework for Blackbox Components in WCET Computation}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'09)},
  pages =	{1--12},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-14-9},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{10},
  editor =	{Holsti, Niklas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2009.2290},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-22907},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2009.2290},
  annote =	{Keywords: WCET analysis, components, COTS, XML}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1663
WCET 2008 -- Report from the Tool Challenge 2008 -- 8th Intl. Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) Analysis

Authors: Niklas Holsti, Jan Gustafsson, Guillem Bernat, Clément Ballabriga, Armelle Bonenfant, Roman Bourgade, Hugues Cassé, Daniel Cordes, Albrecht Kadlec, Raimund Kirner, Jens Knoop, Paul Lokuciejewski, Nicholas Merriam, Marianne de Michiel, Adrian Prantl, Bernhard Rieder, Christine Rochange, Pascal Sainrat, and Markus Schordan

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 8, 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08) (2008)

Abstract
Following the successful WCET Tool Challenge in 2006, the second event in this series was organized in 2008, again with support from the ARTIST2 Network of Excellence. The WCET Tool Challenge 2008 (WCC'08) provides benchmark programs and poses a number of "analysis problems" about the dynamic, run-time properties of these programs. The participants are challenged to solve these problems with their program analysis tools. Two kinds of problems are defined: WCET problems, which ask for bounds on the execution time of chosen parts (subprograms) of the benchmarks, under given constraints on input data; and flow-analysis problems, which ask for bounds on the number of times certain parts of the benchmark can be executed, again under some constraints. We describe the organization of WCC'08, the benchmark programs, the participating tools, and the general results, successes, and failures. Most participants found WCC'08 to be a useful test of their tools. Unlike the 2006 Challenge, the WCC'08 participants include several tools for the same target (ARM7, LPC2138), and tools that combine measurements and static analysis, as well as pure static-analysis tools.
Cite as

Niklas Holsti, Jan Gustafsson, Guillem Bernat, Clément Ballabriga, Armelle Bonenfant, Roman Bourgade, Hugues Cassé, Daniel Cordes, Albrecht Kadlec, Raimund Kirner, Jens Knoop, Paul Lokuciejewski, Nicholas Merriam, Marianne de Michiel, Adrian Prantl, Bernhard Rieder, Christine Rochange, Pascal Sainrat, and Markus Schordan. WCET 2008 -- Report from the Tool Challenge 2008 -- 8th Intl. Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) Analysis. In 8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 8, pp. 1-23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{holsti_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2008.1663,
  author =	{Holsti, Niklas and Gustafsson, Jan and Bernat, Guillem and Ballabriga, Cl\'{e}ment and Bonenfant, Armelle and Bourgade, Roman and Cass\'{e}, Hugues and Cordes, Daniel and Kadlec, Albrecht and Kirner, Raimund and Knoop, Jens and Lokuciejewski, Paul and Merriam, Nicholas and de Michiel, Marianne and Prantl, Adrian and Rieder, Bernhard and Rochange, Christine and Sainrat, Pascal and Schordan, Markus},
  title =	{{WCET 2008 -- Report from the Tool Challenge 2008 -- 8th Intl. Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) Analysis}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'08)},
  pages =	{1--23},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-10-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{8},
  editor =	{Kirner, Raimund},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1663},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-16637},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2008.1663},
  annote =	{Keywords: WCET analysis, benchmark}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2006.678
PapaBench: a Free Real-Time Benchmark

Authors: Fadia Nemer, Hugues Cassé, Pascal Sainrat, Jean-Paul Bahsoun, and Marianne De Michiel

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 4, 6th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'06) (2006)

Abstract
This paper presents PapaBench, a free real-time benchmark and compares it with the existing benchmark suites. It is designed to be valuable for experimental works in WCET computation and may be also useful for scheduling analysis. This bench is based on the Paparazzi project that represents a real-time application, developed to be embedded on different Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). In this paper, we explain the transformation process of Paparazzi applied to obtain the PapaBench. We provide a high level AADL model, which reflects the behaviors of each component of the system and their interactions. As the source project, Paparazzi, PapaBench is delivered under the GNU license and is freely available to all researchers. Unlike other usual benchmarks widely used for WCET computation, this one is based on a real and complete real-time embedded application.
Cite as

Fadia Nemer, Hugues Cassé, Pascal Sainrat, Jean-Paul Bahsoun, and Marianne De Michiel. PapaBench: a Free Real-Time Benchmark. In 6th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'06). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 4, pp. 1-6, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2006)

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@InProceedings{nemer_et_al:OASIcs.WCET.2006.678,
  author =	{Nemer, Fadia and Cass\'{e}, Hugues and Sainrat, Pascal and Bahsoun, Jean-Paul and De Michiel, Marianne},
  title =	{{PapaBench: a Free Real-Time Benchmark}},
  booktitle =	{6th International Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis (WCET'06)},
  pages =	{1--6},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-03-3},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2006},
  volume =	{4},
  editor =	{Mueller, Frank},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2006.678},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-6783},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.WCET.2006.678},
  annote =	{Keywords: Real-Time Benchmark, Complete Application, Worst Case Execution Time (WCET) Computation, Modeling}
}
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