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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2023.30

A Degree 4 Sum-Of-Squares Lower Bound for the Clique Number of the Paley Graph

Authors: Dmitriy Kunisky and Xifan Yu

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 264, 38th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2023)

Abstract

We prove that the degree 4 sum-of-squares (SOS) relaxation of the clique number of the Paley graph on a prime number p of vertices has value at least Ω(p^{1/3}). This is in contrast to the widely believed conjecture that the actual clique number of the Paley graph is O(polylog(p)). Our result may be viewed as a derandomization of that of Deshpande and Montanari (2015), who showed the same lower bound (up to polylog(p) terms) with high probability for the Erdős-Rényi random graph on p vertices, whose clique number is with high probability O(log(p)). We also show that our lower bound is optimal for the Feige-Krauthgamer construction of pseudomoments, derandomizing an argument of Kelner. Finally, we present numerical experiments indicating that the value of the degree 4 SOS relaxation of the Paley graph may scale as O(p^{1/2 - ε}) for some ε > 0, and give a matrix norm calculation indicating that the pseudocalibration construction for SOS lower bounds for random graphs will not immediately transfer to the Paley graph. Taken together, our results suggest that degree 4 SOS may break the "√p barrier" for upper bounds on the clique number of Paley graphs, but prove that it can at best improve the exponent from 1/2 to 1/3.

Cite as

Dmitriy Kunisky and Xifan Yu. A Degree 4 Sum-Of-Squares Lower Bound for the Clique Number of the Paley Graph. In 38th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 264, pp. 30:1-30:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{kunisky_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2023.30,
  author =	{Kunisky, Dmitriy and Yu, Xifan},
  title =	{{A Degree 4 Sum-Of-Squares Lower Bound for the Clique Number of the Paley Graph}},
  booktitle =	{38th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2023)},
  pages =	{30:1--30:25},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-282-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{264},
  editor =	{Ta-Shma, Amnon},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2023.30},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-183008},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2023.30},
  annote =	{Keywords: convex optimization, sum of squares, Paley graph, derandomization}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2021.23

A Stress-Free Sum-Of-Squares Lower Bound for Coloring

Authors: Pravesh K. Kothari and Peter Manohar

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 200, 36th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2021)

Abstract

We prove that with high probability over the choice of a random graph G from the Erdős-Rényi distribution G(n, 1/2), a natural n^{O(ε² log n)}-time, degree O(ε² log n) sum-of-squares semidefinite program cannot refute the existence of a valid k-coloring of G for k = n^{1/2 + ε}. Our result implies that the refutation guarantee of the basic semidefinite program (a close variant of the Lovász theta function) cannot be appreciably improved by a natural o(log n)-degree sum-of-squares strengthening, and this is tight up to a n^{o(1)} slack in k. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first lower bound for coloring G(n, 1/2) for even a single round strengthening of the basic SDP in any SDP hierarchy. Our proof relies on a new variant of instance-preserving non-pointwise complete reduction within SoS from coloring a graph to finding large independent sets in it. Our proof is (perhaps surprisingly) short, simple and does not require complicated spectral norm bounds on random matrices with dependent entries that have been otherwise necessary in the proofs of many similar results [Boaz Barak et al., 2016; S. B. {Hopkins} et al., 2017; Dmitriy Kunisky and Afonso S. Bandeira, 2019; Mrinalkanti Ghosh et al., 2020; Mohanty et al., 2020]. Our result formally holds for a constraint system where vertices are allowed to belong to multiple color classes; we leave the extension to the formally stronger formulation of coloring, where vertices must belong to unique colors classes, as an outstanding open problem.

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Pravesh K. Kothari and Peter Manohar. A Stress-Free Sum-Of-Squares Lower Bound for Coloring. In 36th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 200, pp. 23:1-23:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{kothari_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2021.23,
  author =	{Kothari, Pravesh K. and Manohar, Peter},
  title =	{{A Stress-Free Sum-Of-Squares Lower Bound for Coloring}},
  booktitle =	{36th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2021)},
  pages =	{23:1--23:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-193-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{200},
  editor =	{Kabanets, Valentine},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2021.23},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-142978},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2021.23},
  annote =	{Keywords: Sum-of-Squares, Graph Coloring, Independent Set, Lower Bounds}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2020.78

Computational Hardness of Certifying Bounds on Constrained PCA Problems

Authors: Afonso S. Bandeira, Dmitriy Kunisky, and Alexander S. Wein

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 151, 11th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2020)

Abstract

Given a random n × n symmetric matrix ? drawn from the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (GOE), we consider the problem of certifying an upper bound on the maximum value of the quadratic form ?^⊤ ? ? over all vectors ? in a constraint set ? ⊂ ℝⁿ. For a certain class of normalized constraint sets we show that, conditional on a certain complexity-theoretic conjecture, no polynomial-time algorithm can certify a better upper bound than the largest eigenvalue of ?. A notable special case included in our results is the hypercube ? = {±1/√n}ⁿ, which corresponds to the problem of certifying bounds on the Hamiltonian of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass model from statistical physics. Our results suggest a striking gap between optimization and certification for this problem. Our proof proceeds in two steps. First, we give a reduction from the detection problem in the negatively-spiked Wishart model to the above certification problem. We then give evidence that this Wishart detection problem is computationally hard below the classical spectral threshold, by showing that no low-degree polynomial can (in expectation) distinguish the spiked and unspiked models. This method for predicting computational thresholds was proposed in a sequence of recent works on the sum-of-squares hierarchy, and is conjectured to be correct for a large class of problems. Our proof can be seen as constructing a distribution over symmetric matrices that appears computationally indistinguishable from the GOE, yet is supported on matrices whose maximum quadratic form over ? ∈ ? is much larger than that of a GOE matrix.

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Afonso S. Bandeira, Dmitriy Kunisky, and Alexander S. Wein. Computational Hardness of Certifying Bounds on Constrained PCA Problems. In 11th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 151, pp. 78:1-78:29, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{bandeira_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2020.78,
  author =	{Bandeira, Afonso S. and Kunisky, Dmitriy and Wein, Alexander S.},
  title =	{{Computational Hardness of Certifying Bounds on Constrained PCA Problems}},
  booktitle =	{11th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2020)},
  pages =	{78:1--78:29},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-134-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{151},
  editor =	{Vidick, Thomas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2020.78},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-117633},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2020.78},
  annote =	{Keywords: Certification, Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, spiked Wishart model, low-degree likelihood ratio}
}

3 Search Results for "Kunisky, Dmitriy"

A Degree 4 Sum-Of-Squares Lower Bound for the Clique Number of the Paley Graph

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A Stress-Free Sum-Of-Squares Lower Bound for Coloring

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Computational Hardness of Certifying Bounds on Constrained PCA Problems

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