6 Search Results for "Zhang, Xue"

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LITES.8.1.1
Susceptibility to Image Resolution in Face Recognition and Training Strategies to Enhance Robustness

Authors: Martin Knoche, Stefan Hörmann, and Gerhard Rigoll

Published in: LITES, Volume 8, Issue 1 (2022): Special Issue on Embedded Systems for Computer Vision. Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 8, Issue 1

Abstract
Many face recognition approaches expect the input images to have similar image resolution. However, in real-world applications, the image resolution varies due to different image capture mechanisms or sources, affecting the performance of face recognition systems. This work first analyzes the image resolution susceptibility of modern face recognition. Face verification on the very popular LFW dataset drops from 99.23% accuracy to almost 55% when image dimensions of both images are reduced to arguable very poor resolution. With cross-resolution image pairs (one HR and one LR image), face verification accuracy is even worse. This characteristic is investigated more in-depth by analyzing the feature distances utilized for face verification. To increase the robustness, we propose two training strategies applied to a state-of-the-art face recognition model: 1) Training with 50% low resolution images within each batch and 2) using the cosine distance loss between high and low resolution features in a siamese network structure. Both methods significantly boost face verification accuracy for matching training and testing image resolutions. Training a network with different resolutions simultaneously instead of adding only one specific low resolution showed improvements across all resolutions and made a single model applicable to unknown resolutions. However, models trained for one particular low resolution perform better when using the exact resolution for testing. We improve the face verification accuracy from 96.86% to 97.72% on the popular LFW database with uniformly distributed image dimensions between 112 × 112 px and 5 × 5 px. Our approaches improve face verification accuracy even more from 77.56% to 87.17% for distributions focusing on lower images resolutions. Lastly, we propose specific image dimension sets focusing on high, mid, and low resolution for five well-known datasets to benchmark face verification accuracy in cross-resolution scenarios.
Cite as

Martin Knoche, Stefan Hörmann, and Gerhard Rigoll. Susceptibility to Image Resolution in Face Recognition and Training Strategies to Enhance Robustness. In LITES, Volume 8, Issue 1 (2022): Special Issue on Embedded Systems for Computer Vision. Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 8, Issue 1, pp. 01:1-01:20, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@Article{knoche_et_al:LITES.8.1.1,
  author =	{Knoche, Martin and H\"{o}rmann, Stefan and Rigoll, Gerhard},
  title =	{{Susceptibility to Image Resolution in Face Recognition and Training Strategies to Enhance Robustness}},
  booktitle =	{LITES, Volume 8, Issue 1 (2022): Special Issue on Embedded Systems for Computer Vision},
  pages =	{01:1--01:20},
  journal =	{Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems},
  ISSN =	{2199-2002},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{8},
  number =	{1},
  editor =	{Knoche, Martin and H\"{o}rmann, Stefan and Rigoll, Gerhard},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LITES.8.1.1},
  doi =		{10.4230/LITES.8.1.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: recognition, resolution, cross, face, identification}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LITES-v005-i001-a003
The Semantic Foundations and a Landscape of Cache-Persistence Analyses

Authors: Jan Reineke

Published in: LITES, Volume 5, Issue 1 (2018). Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 5, Issue 1

Abstract
We clarify the notion of cache persistence and contribute to the understanding of persistence analysis for caches with least-recently-used replacement.To this end, we provide the first formal definition of persistence as a property of a trace semantics. Based on this trace semantics we introduce a semantics-based, i.e., abstract-interpretation-based persistence analysis framework.We identify four basic persistence analyses and prove their correctness as instances of this analysis framework.Combining these basic persistence analyses via two generic cooperation mechanisms yields a lattice of ten persistence analyses.Notably, this lattice contains all persistence analyses previously described in the literature. As a consequence, we obtain uniform correctness proofs for all prior analyses and a precise understanding of how and why these analyses work, as well as how they relate to each other in terms of precision.
Cite as

Jan Reineke. The Semantic Foundations and a Landscape of Cache-Persistence Analyses. In LITES, Volume 5, Issue 1 (2018). Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 5, Issue 1, pp. 03:1-03:52, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@Article{reineke:LITES-v005-i001-a003,
  author =	{Reineke, Jan},
  title =	{{The Semantic Foundations and a Landscape of Cache-Persistence Analyses}},
  booktitle =	{LITES, Volume 5, Issue 1 (2018)},
  pages =	{03:1--03:52},
  journal =	{Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems},
  ISSN =	{2199-2002},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{5},
  number =	{1},
  editor =	{Reineke, Jan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LITES-v005-i001-a003},
  doi =		{10.4230/LITES-v005-i001-a003},
  annote =	{Keywords: caches, persistence analysis, WCET analysis}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2016.15
Program Tailoring: Slicing by Sequential Criteria

Authors: Yue Li, Tian Tan, Yifei Zhang, and Jingling Xue

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 56, 30th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2016)

Abstract
Protocol and typestate analyses often report some sequences of statements ending at a program point P that needs to be scrutinized, since P may be erroneous or imprecisely analyzed. Program slicing focuses only on the behavior at P by computing a slice of the program affecting the values at P. In this paper, we propose to restrict our attention to the subset of that behavior at P affected by one or several statement sequences, called a sequential criterion (SC). By leveraging the ordering information in a SC, e.g., the temporal order in a few valid/invalid API method invocation sequences, we introduce a new technique, program tailoring, to compute a tailored program that comprises the statements in all possible execution paths passing through at least one sequence in SC in the given order. With a prototyping implementation, Tailor, we show why tailoring is practically useful by conducting two case studies on seven large real-world Java applications. For program debugging and understanding, Tailor can complement program slicing by removing SC-irrelevant statements. For program analysis, Tailor can enable a pointer analysis, which is unscalable to a program, to perform a more focused and therefore potentially scalable analysis to its specific parts containing hard language features such as reflection.
Cite as

Yue Li, Tian Tan, Yifei Zhang, and Jingling Xue. Program Tailoring: Slicing by Sequential Criteria. In 30th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 56, pp. 15:1-15:27, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{li_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2016.15,
  author =	{Li, Yue and Tan, Tian and Zhang, Yifei and Xue, Jingling},
  title =	{{Program Tailoring: Slicing by Sequential Criteria}},
  booktitle =	{30th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2016)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:27},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-014-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{56},
  editor =	{Krishnamurthi, Shriram and Lerner, Benjamin S.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2016.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-61092},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2016.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: Program Slicing, Program Analysis, API Protocol Analysis}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DARTS.2.1.8
Program Tailoring: Slicing by Sequential Criteria (Artifact)

Authors: Tian Tan, Yue Li, Yifei Zhang, and Jingling Xue

Published in: DARTS, Volume 2, Issue 1, Special Issue of the 30th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2016)

Abstract
Protocol and typestate analyses often report some sequences of statements ending at a program point P that needs to be scrutinized, since P may be erroneous or imprecisely analyzed. Program slicing focuses only on the behavior at P by computing a slice of the program affecting the values at P. In our companion paper "Program Tailoring: Slicing by Sequential Criteria", we propose to focus on the subset of that behavior at P affected by one or several statement sequences, called a sequential criterion (SC). By leveraging the ordering information in a SC, e.g., the temporal order in a few valid/invalid API method invocation sequences, we introduce a new technique, program tailoring, to compute a tailored program that comprises the statements in all possible execution paths passing through at least one sequence in SC in the given order. This artifact is based on TAILOR, a prototyping implementation of program tailoring, to evaluate the usefulness of TAILOR in practice. The provided package is designed to support repeatability of all the experiments of our companion paper. Specifically, it allows users to reproduce the results for all the three research questions addressed in the evaluation section of our companion paper. In addition, an extensive set of extra results, which are not described in the companion paper, are also included, in order to help users better understand this work.
Cite as

Tian Tan, Yue Li, Yifei Zhang, and Jingling Xue. Program Tailoring: Slicing by Sequential Criteria (Artifact). In Special Issue of the 30th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2016). Dagstuhl Artifacts Series (DARTS), Volume 2, Issue 1, pp. 8:1-8:3, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@Article{tan_et_al:DARTS.2.1.8,
  author =	{Tan, Tian and Li, Yue and Zhang, Yifei and Xue, Jingling},
  title =	{{Program Tailoring: Slicing by Sequential Criteria (Artifact)}},
  pages =	{8:1--8:3},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Artifacts Series},
  ISSN =	{2509-8195},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{2},
  number =	{1},
  editor =	{Tan, Tian and Li, Yue and Zhang, Yifei and Xue, Jingling},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DARTS.2.1.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-61298},
  doi =		{10.4230/DARTS.2.1.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Program Slicing, Program Analysis, API Protocol Specification}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LITES-v003-i001-a005
A Survey on Static Cache Analysis for Real-Time Systems

Authors: Mingsong Lv, Nan Guan, Jan Reineke, Reinhard Wilhelm, and Wang Yi

Published in: LITES, Volume 3, Issue 1 (2016). Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 3, Issue 1

Abstract
Real-time systems are reactive computer systems that must produce their reaction to a stimulus within given time bounds. A vital verification requirement is to estimate the Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) of programs. These estimates are then used to predict the timing behavior of the overall system. The execution time of a program heavily depends on the underlying hardware, among which cache has the biggest influence. Analyzing cache behavior is very challenging due to the versatile cache features and complex execution environment. This article provides a survey on static cache analysis for real-time systems. We first present the challenges and static analysis techniques for independent programs with respect to different cache features. Then, the discussion is extended to cache analysis in complex execution environment, followed by a survey of existing tools based on static techniques for cache analysis. An outlook for future research is provided at last.
Cite as

Mingsong Lv, Nan Guan, Jan Reineke, Reinhard Wilhelm, and Wang Yi. A Survey on Static Cache Analysis for Real-Time Systems. In LITES, Volume 3, Issue 1 (2016). Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 3, Issue 1, pp. 05:1-05:48, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@Article{lv_et_al:LITES-v003-i001-a005,
  author =	{Lv, Mingsong and Guan, Nan and Reineke, Jan and Wilhelm, Reinhard and Yi, Wang},
  title =	{{A Survey on Static Cache Analysis for Real-Time Systems}},
  booktitle =	{LITES, Volume 3, Issue 1 (2016)},
  pages =	{05:1--05:48},
  journal =	{Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems},
  ISSN =	{2199-2002},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{3},
  number =	{1},
  editor =	{Lv, Mingsong and Guan, Nan and Reineke, Jan and Wilhelm, Reinhard and Yi, Wang},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LITES-v003-i001-a005},
  doi =		{10.4230/LITES-v003-i001-a005},
  annote =	{Keywords: Hard real-time, Cache analysis, Worst-case execution time}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2016.28
Complexity Classification of Two-Qubit Commuting Hamiltonians

Authors: Adam Bouland, Laura Mancinska, and Xue Zhang

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 50, 31st Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC 2016)

Abstract
We classify two-qubit commuting Hamiltonians in terms of their computational complexity. Suppose one has a two-qubit commuting Hamiltonian H which one can apply to any pair of qubits, starting in a computational basis state. We prove a dichotomy theorem: either this model is efficiently classically simulable or it allows one to sample from probability distributions which cannot be sampled from classically unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses. Furthermore, the only simulable Hamiltonians are those which fail to generate entanglement. This shows that generic two-qubit commuting Hamiltonians can be used to perform computational tasks which are intractable for classical computers under plausible assumptions. Our proof makes use of new postselection gadgets and Lie theory.
Cite as

Adam Bouland, Laura Mancinska, and Xue Zhang. Complexity Classification of Two-Qubit Commuting Hamiltonians. In 31st Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 50, pp. 28:1-28:33, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{bouland_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2016.28,
  author =	{Bouland, Adam and Mancinska, Laura and Zhang, Xue},
  title =	{{Complexity Classification of Two-Qubit Commuting Hamiltonians}},
  booktitle =	{31st Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC 2016)},
  pages =	{28:1--28:33},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-008-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{50},
  editor =	{Raz, Ran},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2016.28},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-58469},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2016.28},
  annote =	{Keywords: Quantum Computing, Sampling Problems, Commuting Hamiltonians, IQP, Gate Classification Theorems}
}
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