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What is the computational content of proofs? This is one of the main topics in mathematical logic, especially proof theory, that is of relevance for computer science. The well-known foundational solutions aim at rebuilding mathematics constructively almost from scratch, and include Bishop-style constructive mathematics and Martin-Löf’s intuitionistic type theory, the latter most recently in the form of the so-called homotopy or univalent type theory put forward by Voevodsky. From a more practical angle, however, the question rather is to which extent any given proof is effective, which proofs of which theorems can be rendered effective, and whether and how numerical information such as bounds and algorithms can be extracted from proofs. Ideally, all this is done by manipulating proofs mechanically and/or by adequate metatheorems (proof translations, automated theorem proving, program extraction from proofs, proof mining, etc.). A crucial role for answering these questions is played by coherent and geometric theories and their generalizations: not only that they are fairly widespread in modern mathematics and non-classical logics (e.g., in abstract algebra, and in temporal and modal logics); those theories are also a priori amenable for constructivisation (see Barr’s Theorem, especially its proof-theoretic variants, and the numerous Glivenko–style theorems); last but not least, effective theorem-proving for coherent theories can be automated with relative ease and clarity in relation to resolution. Specific topics that substantially involve computer science research include categorical semantics for geometric theories up to the proof-theoretic presentation of sheaf models and higher toposes; extracting the computational content of proofs and dynamical methods in quadratic form theory; the interpretation of transfinite proof methods as latent computations; complexity issues of and algorithms for geometrization of theories; the use of geometric theories in constructive mathematics including finding algorithms, ideally with integrated developments; and coherent logic for obtaining automatically readable proofs.