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Documents authored by David, Marco

Artifact
Software
DOI: 10.4230/artifacts.24709
Universal Pairs for Diophantine Equations

Authors: Jonas Bayer, Marco David, Théo André, Mathis Bouverot-Dupuis, Eva Brenner, Loïc Chevalier, Anna Danilkin, Charlotte Dorneich, Kevin Lee, Xavier Pigé, Timothé Ringeard, Quentin Vermande, Paul Wang, Annie Yao, and Zhengkun Ye

Abstract
Cite as

Jonas Bayer, Marco David, Théo André, Mathis Bouverot-Dupuis, Eva Brenner, Loïc Chevalier, Anna Danilkin, Charlotte Dorneich, Kevin Lee, Xavier Pigé, Timothé Ringeard, Quentin Vermande, Paul Wang, Annie Yao, Zhengkun Ye. Universal Pairs for Diophantine Equations (Software, Formal Proof Development). Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@misc{dagstuhl-artifact-24709,
   title = {{Universal Pairs for Diophantine Equations }}, 
   author = {Bayer, Jonas and David, Marco and Andr\'{e}, Th\'{e}o and Bouverot-Dupuis, Mathis and Brenner, Eva and Chevalier, Lo\"{i}c and Danilkin, Anna and Dorneich, Charlotte and Lee, Kevin and Pig\'{e}, Xavier and Ringeard, Timoth\'{e} and Vermande, Quentin and Wang, Paul and Yao, Annie and Ye, Zhengkun},
   note = {Software (visited on 2025-09-22)},
   url = {https://www.isa-afp.org/entries/Diophantine_Universal_Pairs.html},
   doi = {10.4230/artifacts.24709},
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.3
A Formal Proof of Complexity Bounds on Diophantine Equations

Authors: Jonas Bayer and Marco David

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 352, 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)

Abstract
We present a universal construction of Diophantine equations with bounded complexity in Isabelle/HOL. This is a formalization of our own work in number theory [Jonas Bayer et al., 2025]. Hilbert’s Tenth Problem was answered negatively by Yuri Matiyasevich, who showed that there is no general algorithm to decide whether an arbitrary Diophantine equation has a solution. However, the problem remains open when generalized to the field of rational numbers, or contrarily, when restricted to Diophantine equations with bounded complexity, characterized by the number of variables ν and the degree δ. If every Diophantine set can be represented within the bounds (ν, δ), we say that this pair is universal, and it follows that the corresponding class of equations is undecidable. In a separate mathematics article, we have determined the first non-trivial universal pair for the case of integer unknowns. In this paper, we contribute a formal verification of this new result. In doing so, we markedly extend the Isabelle AFP entry on multivariate polynomials [Christian Sternagel et al., 2010], formalize parts of a number theory textbook [Melvyn B. Nathanson, 1996], and develop classical theory on Diophantine equations [Yuri Matiyasevich and Julia Robinson, 1975] in Isabelle. In addition, our work includes metaprogramming infrastructure designed to efficiently handle complex definitions of multivariate polynomials. Our mathematical draft has been formalized while the mathematical research was ongoing, and benefited largely from the help of the theorem prover. We reflect on how the close collaboration between mathematician and computer is an uncommon but promising modus operandi.
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Jonas Bayer and Marco David. A Formal Proof of Complexity Bounds on Diophantine Equations. In 16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 352, pp. 3:1-3:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{bayer_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2025.3,
  author =	{Bayer, Jonas and David, Marco},
  title =	{{A Formal Proof of Complexity Bounds on Diophantine Equations}},
  booktitle =	{16th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2025)},
  pages =	{3:1--3:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-396-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{352},
  editor =	{Forster, Yannick and Keller, Chantal},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-246023},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2025.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Diophantine Equations, Hilbert’s Tenth Problem, Isabelle/HOL}
}
Document
Short Paper
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2019.33
The DPRM Theorem in Isabelle (Short Paper)

Authors: Jonas Bayer, Marco David, Abhik Pal, Benedikt Stock, and Dierk Schleicher

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 141, 10th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2019)

Abstract
Hilbert’s 10th problem asks for an algorithm to tell whether or not a given diophantine equation has a solution over the integers. The non-existence of such an algorithm was shown in 1970 by Yuri Matiyasevich. The key step is known as the DPRM theorem: every recursively enumerable set of natural numbers is Diophantine. We present the formalization of Matiyasevich’s proof of the DPRM theorem in Isabelle. To represent recursively enumerable sets in equations, we implement and arithmetize register machines. Using several number-theoretic lemmas, we prove that exponentiation has a diophantine representation. Further, we contribute a small library of number-theoretic implementations of binary digit-wise relations. Finally, we discuss and contribute an is_diophantine predicate. We expect the complete formalization of the DPRM theorem in the near future; at present it is complete except for a minor gap in the arithmetization proofs of register machines and extending the is_diophantine predicate by two binary digit-wise relations.
Cite as

Jonas Bayer, Marco David, Abhik Pal, Benedikt Stock, and Dierk Schleicher. The DPRM Theorem in Isabelle (Short Paper). In 10th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 141, pp. 33:1-33:7, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{bayer_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2019.33,
  author =	{Bayer, Jonas and David, Marco and Pal, Abhik and Stock, Benedikt and Schleicher, Dierk},
  title =	{{The DPRM Theorem in Isabelle}},
  booktitle =	{10th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2019)},
  pages =	{33:1--33:7},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-122-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{141},
  editor =	{Harrison, John and O'Leary, John and Tolmach, Andrew},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2019.33},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-110883},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2019.33},
  annote =	{Keywords: DPRM theorem, Hilbert’s tenth problem, Diophantine predicates, Register machines, Recursively enumerable sets, Isabelle, Formal verification}
}
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