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Documents authored by Fränzle, Martin

Document
Introduction
DOI: 10.4230/LITES.8.2.0
Introduction to the Special Issue on Distributed Hybrid Systems

Authors: Alessandro Abate, Uli Fahrenberg, and Martin Fränzle

Published in: LITES, Volume 8, Issue 2 (2022): Special Issue on Distributed Hybrid Systems. Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 8, Issue 2

Abstract
This special issue contains seven papers within the broad subject of Distributed Hybrid Systems, that is, systems combining hybrid discrete-continuous state spaces with elements of concurrency and logical or spatial distribution. It follows up on several workshops on the same theme which were held between 2017 and 2019 and organized by the editors of this volume. The first of these workshops was held in Aalborg, Denmark, in August 2017 and associated with the MFCS conference. It featured invited talks by Alessandro Abate, Martin Fränzle, Kim G. Larsen, Martin Raussen, and Rafael Wisniewski. The second workshop was held in Palaiseau, France, in July 2018, with invited talks by Luc Jaulin, Thao Dang, Lisbeth Fajstrup, Emmanuel Ledinot, and André Platzer. The third workshop was held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in August 2019, associated with the CONCUR conference. It featured a special theme on distributed robotics and had invited talks by Majid Zamani, Hervé de Forges, and Xavier Urbain. The vision and purpose of the DHS workshops was to connect researchers working in real-time systems, hybrid systems, control theory, formal verification, distributed computing, and concurrency theory, in order to advance the subject of distributed hybrid systems. Such systems are abundant and often safety-critical, but ensuring their correct functioning can in general be challenging. The investigation of their dynamics by analysis tools from the aforementioned domains remains fragmentary, providing the rationale behind the workshops: it was conceived that convergence and interaction of theories, methods, and tools from these different areas was needed in order to advance the subject.
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LITES, Volume 8, Issue 2: Special Issue on Distributed Hybrid Systems, pp. 0:i-0:iii, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@Article{abate_et_al:LITES.8.2.0,
  author =	{Abate, Alessandro and Fahrenberg, Uli and Fr\"{a}nzle, Martin},
  title =	{{Introduction to the Special Issue on Distributed Hybrid Systems}},
  journal =	{Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems},
  pages =	{00:1--00:3},
  ISSN =	{2199-2002},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{8},
  number =	{2},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LITES.8.2.0},
  doi =		{10.4230/LITES.8.2.0},
  annote =	{Keywords: Distributed hybrid systems}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LITES.8.2.5
Bayesian Hybrid Automata: A Formal Model of Justified Belief in Interacting Hybrid Systems Subject to Imprecise Observation

Authors: Paul Kröger and Martin Fränzle

Published in: LITES, Volume 8, Issue 2 (2022): Special Issue on Distributed Hybrid Systems. Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 8, Issue 2

Abstract
Hybrid discrete-continuous system dynamics arises when discrete actions, e.g. by a decision algorithm, meet continuous behaviour, e.g. due to physical processes and continuous control. A natural domain of such systems are emerging smart technologies which add elements of intelligence, co-operation, and adaptivity to physical entities, enabling them to interact with each other and with humans as systems of (human-)cyber-physical systems or (H)CPSes.Various flavours of hybrid automata have been suggested as a means to formally analyse CPS dynamics. In a previous article, we demonstrated that all these variants of hybrid automata provide inaccurate, in the sense of either overly pessimistic or overly optimistic, verdicts for engineered systems operating under imprecise observation of their environment due to, e.g., measurement error. We suggested a revised formal model, called Bayesian hybrid automata, that is able to represent state tracking and estimation in hybrid systems and thereby enhances precision of verdicts obtained from the model in comparison to traditional model variants.In this article, we present an extended definition of Bayesian hybrid automata which incorporates a new class of guard and invariant functions that allow to evaluate traditional guards and invariants over probability distributions. The resulting framework allows to model observers with knowledge about the control strategy of an observed agent but with imprecise estimates of the data on which the control decisions are based.
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Paul Kröger and Martin Fränzle. Bayesian Hybrid Automata: A Formal Model of Justified Belief in Interacting Hybrid Systems Subject to Imprecise Observation. In LITES, Volume 8, Issue 2 (2022): Special Issue on Distributed Hybrid Systems. Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems, Volume 8, Issue 2, pp. 05:1-05:27, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@Article{kroger_et_al:LITES.8.2.5,
  author =	{Kr\"{o}ger, Paul and Fr\"{a}nzle, Martin},
  title =	{{Bayesian Hybrid Automata: A Formal Model of Justified Belief in Interacting Hybrid Systems Subject to Imprecise Observation}},
  journal =	{Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems},
  pages =	{05:1--05:27},
  ISSN =	{2199-2002},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{8},
  number =	{2},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LITES.8.2.5},
  doi =		{10.4230/LITES.8.2.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: }
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.125
Costs and Rewards in Priced Timed Automata

Authors: Martin Fränzle, Mahsa Shirmohammadi, Mani Swaminathan, and James Worrell

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 107, 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018)

Abstract
We consider Pareto analysis of reachable states of multi-priced timed automata (MPTA): timed automata equipped with multiple observers that keep track of costs (to be minimised) and rewards (to be maximised) along a computation. Each observer has a constant non-negative derivative which may depend on the location of the MPTA. We study the Pareto Domination Problem, which asks whether it is possible to reach a target location via a run in which the accumulated costs and rewards Pareto dominate a given objective vector. We show that this problem is undecidable in general, but decidable for MPTA with at most three observers. For MPTA whose observers are all costs or all rewards, we show that the Pareto Domination Problem is PSPACE-complete. We also consider an epsilon-approximate Pareto Domination Problem that is decidable without restricting the number and types of observers. We develop connections between MPTA and Diophantine equations. Undecidability of the Pareto Domination Problem is shown by reduction from Hilbert's 10^{th} Problem, while decidability for three observers is shown by a translation to a fragment of arithmetic involving quadratic forms.
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Martin Fränzle, Mahsa Shirmohammadi, Mani Swaminathan, and James Worrell. Costs and Rewards in Priced Timed Automata. In 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 107, pp. 125:1-125:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{franzle_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.125,
  author =	{Fr\"{a}nzle, Martin and Shirmohammadi, Mahsa and Swaminathan, Mani and Worrell, James},
  title =	{{Costs and Rewards in Priced Timed Automata}},
  booktitle =	{45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018)},
  pages =	{125:1--125:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-076-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{107},
  editor =	{Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Kaklamanis, Christos and Marx, D\'{a}niel and Sannella, Donald},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.125},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-91297},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.125},
  annote =	{Keywords: Priced Timed Automata, Pareto Domination, Diophantine Equations}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagRep.6.12.1
Symbolic-Numeric Methods for Problem Solving in CPS (Dagstuhl Seminar 16491)

Authors: Sergiy Bogomolov, Martin Fränzle, Kyoko Makino, and Nacim Ramdani

Published in: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 6, Issue 12 (2017)

Abstract
Reflecting the fundamental role numeric and mixed symbolic-numeric arguments play in the analysis, decision making, and control of cyber-physical processes, this seminar promoted cross-fertilization between the following research areas relevant to problem solving in cyber-physical domains: verification of numerical reactive systems such as embedded floating-point programs and hybrid systems, including novel means of error-propagation analysis; numerical and/or symbolic methods such as verified integrations, interval methods and arithmetic constraint solving; reactive and in-advance planning and optimization methods in complexly constrained spaces, robotics, astrodynamics and more. This combination of up to now only loosely coupled areas shed light on how advanced numerical methods can help improve the state of the art in rigorously interpreting and controlling cyber-physical phenomena. It naturally included the broad set of domain-specific solutions to the pertinent issues of performance impact of error propagation and control in various schemes of numeric and blended symbolic-numeric computation.
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Sergiy Bogomolov, Martin Fränzle, Kyoko Makino, and Nacim Ramdani. Symbolic-Numeric Methods for Problem Solving in CPS (Dagstuhl Seminar 16491). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 6, Issue 12, pp. 1-28, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@Article{bogomolov_et_al:DagRep.6.12.1,
  author =	{Bogomolov, Sergiy and Fr\"{a}nzle, Martin and Makino, Kyoko and Ramdani, Nacim},
  title =	{{Symbolic-Numeric Methods for Problem Solving in CPS (Dagstuhl Seminar 16491)}},
  pages =	{1--28},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{6},
  number =	{12},
  editor =	{Bogomolov, Sergiy and Fr\"{a}nzle, Martin and Makino, Kyoko and Ramdani, Nacim},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.6.12.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-71085},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.6.12.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: constraint solving, cyber-physical systems, formal methods, hybrid systems, optimization methods, planning, robotics, verified numerical methods}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagRep.6.9.29
Robustness in Cyber-Physical Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 16362)

Authors: Martin Fränzle, James Kapinski, and Pavithra Prabhakhar

Published in: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 6, Issue 9 (2017)

Abstract
Electronically controlled systems have become pervasive in modern society and are increasingly being used to control safety-critical applications, such as medical devices and transportation systems. At the same time, these systems are increasing in complexity at an alarming rate, making it difficult to produce system designs with guaranteed robust performance. Cyber-physical systems (CPS) is a new multi-disciplinary field aimed at providing a rigorous framework for designing and analyzing these systems, and recent developments in CPS-related fields provide techniques to increase robustness in the design and analysis of complex systems. This seminar brought together researchers from both academia and industry working in hybrid control systems, mechatronics, formal methods, and real-time embedded systems. Participants identified and discussed newly available techniques related to robust design and analysis that could be applied to open issues in the area of CPS and identified open issues and research questions that require collaboration between the communities. This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 16362 "Robustness in Cyber-Physical Systems".
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Martin Fränzle, James Kapinski, and Pavithra Prabhakhar. Robustness in Cyber-Physical Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 16362). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 6, Issue 9, pp. 29-45, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@Article{franzle_et_al:DagRep.6.9.29,
  author =	{Fr\"{a}nzle, Martin and Kapinski, James and Prabhakhar, Pavithra},
  title =	{{Robustness in Cyber-Physical Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 16362)}},
  pages =	{29--45},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{6},
  number =	{9},
  editor =	{Fr\"{a}nzle, Martin and Kapinski, James and Prabhakhar, Pavithra},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.6.9.29},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-69135},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.6.9.29},
  annote =	{Keywords: aerospace, automotive, cyber-physical systems, fault tolerance, formal verification, real-time and embedded systems, robustness}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagRep.4.10.69
Modeling, Verification, and Control of Complex Systems for Energy Networks (Dagstuhl Seminar 14441)

Authors: Alessandro Abate, Martin Fränzle, Ian Hiskens, and Martin Strelec

Published in: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 4, Issue 10 (2015)

Abstract
Power and energy networks) are systems of great societal and economic relevance and impact, particularly given the recent growing emphasis on environmental issues and on sustainable substitutes (renewables) to traditional energy sources (coal, oil, nuclear). Power networks also represent systems of considerable engineering interest. The aim of this Dagstuhl seminar has been to survey existing and explore novel formal frameworks for modeling, analysis and control of complex, large scale cyber-physical systems, with emphasis on applications in power networks. Stochastic hybrid systems (SHS) stand for a mathematical framework that allows capturing the complex interactions between continuous dynamics, discrete dynamics, and probabilistic uncertainty. In the context of power networks, stochastic hybrid dynamics arises naturally: (i) continuous dynamics models the evolution of voltages, frequencies, etc.; (ii) discrete dynamics models controller logic and changes in network topology (unit commitment); and (iii) probability models the uncertainty about power demand, power supply from renewables and power market price. The seminar has covered relevant approaches to modeling and analysis of stochastic hybrid dynamics, in the context of energy networks.
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Alessandro Abate, Martin Fränzle, Ian Hiskens, and Martin Strelec. Modeling, Verification, and Control of Complex Systems for Energy Networks (Dagstuhl Seminar 14441). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 4, Issue 10, pp. 69-97, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2015)

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@Article{abate_et_al:DagRep.4.10.69,
  author =	{Abate, Alessandro and Fr\"{a}nzle, Martin and Hiskens, Ian and Strelec, Martin},
  title =	{{Modeling, Verification, and Control of Complex Systems for Energy Networks (Dagstuhl Seminar 14441)}},
  pages =	{69--97},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2015},
  volume =	{4},
  number =	{10},
  editor =	{Abate, Alessandro and Fr\"{a}nzle, Martin and Hiskens, Ian and Strelec, Martin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.4.10.69},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-48939},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.4.10.69},
  annote =	{Keywords: Analysis, control, and verification of complex stochastic systems; formal synthesis; reliability engineering and assessment; energy networks}
}
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