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Matching (Multi)Cut: Algorithms, Complexity, and Enumeration

Authors: Guilherme C. M. Gomes, Emanuel Juliano, Gabriel Martins, and Vinicius F. dos Santos

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 321, 19th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2024)


Abstract
A matching cut of a graph is a partition of its vertex set in two such that no vertex has more than one neighbor across the cut. The Matching Cut problem asks if a graph has a matching cut. This problem, and its generalization d-cut, has drawn considerable attention of the algorithms and complexity community in the last decade, becoming a canonical example for parameterized enumeration algorithms and kernelization. In this paper, we introduce and study a generalization of Matching Cut, which we have named Matching Multicut: can we partition the vertex set of a graph in at least 𝓁 parts such that no vertex has more than one neighbor outside its part? We investigate this question in several settings. We start by showing that, contrary to Matching Cut, it is NP-hard on cubic graphs but that, when 𝓁 is a parameter, it admits a quasi-linear kernel. We also show an 𝒪(𝓁^{n/2}) time exact exponential algorithm for general graphs and a 2^{𝒪(tlog t)}n^{𝒪(1)} time algorithm for graphs of treewidth at most t. We then turn our attention to parameterized enumeration aspects of matching multicuts. First, we generalize the quadratic kernel of Golovach et. al for Enum Matching Cut parameterized by vertex cover, then use it to design a quadratic kernel for Enum Matching (Multi)cut parameterized by vertex-deletion distance to co-cluster. Our final contributions are on the vertex-deletion distance to cluster parameterization, where we show an FPT-delay algorithm for Enum Matching Multicut but that no polynomial kernel exists unless NP ⊆ coNP/poly; we highlight that we have no such lower bound for Enum Matching Cut and consider it our main open question.

Cite as

Guilherme C. M. Gomes, Emanuel Juliano, Gabriel Martins, and Vinicius F. dos Santos. Matching (Multi)Cut: Algorithms, Complexity, and Enumeration. In 19th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 321, pp. 25:1-25:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{c.m.gomes_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2024.25,
  author =	{C. M. Gomes, Guilherme and Juliano, Emanuel and Martins, Gabriel and F. dos Santos, Vinicius},
  title =	{{Matching (Multi)Cut: Algorithms, Complexity, and Enumeration}},
  booktitle =	{19th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2024)},
  pages =	{25:1--25:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-353-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{321},
  editor =	{Bonnet, \'{E}douard and Rz\k{a}\.{z}ewski, Pawe{\l}},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2024.25},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-222514},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2024.25},
  annote =	{Keywords: Matching Cut, Matching Multicut, Enumeration, Parameterized Complexity, Exact exponential algorithms}
}
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