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Documents authored by Knittel, Marina

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.83
Adaptive Massively Parallel Constant-Round Tree Contraction

Authors: MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi, Marina Knittel, Hamed Saleh, and Hsin-Hao Su

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 215, 13th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2022)

Abstract
Miller and Reif’s FOCS'85 [Gary L. Miller and John H. Reif, 1989] classic and fundamental tree contraction algorithm is a broadly applicable technique for the parallel solution of a large number of tree problems. Additionally it is also used as an algorithmic design technique for a large number of parallel graph algorithms. In all previously explored models of computation, however, tree contractions have only been achieved in Ω(log n) rounds of parallel run time. In this work, we not only introduce a generalized tree contraction method but also show it can be computed highly efficiently in O(1/ε³) rounds in the Adaptive Massively Parallel Computing (AMPC) setting, where each machine has O(n^ε) local memory for some 0 < ε < 1. AMPC is a practical extension of Massively Parallel Computing (MPC) which utilizes distributed hash tables [MohammadHossein Bateni et al., 2017; Behnezhad et al., 2019; Raimondas Kiveris et al., 2014]. In general, MPC is an abstract model for MapReduce, Hadoop, Spark, and Flume which are currently widely used across industry and has been studied extensively in the theory community in recent years. Last but not least, we show that our results extend to multiple problems on trees, including but not limited to maximum and maximal matching, maximum and maximal independent set, tree isomorphism testing, and more.
Cite as

MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi, Marina Knittel, Hamed Saleh, and Hsin-Hao Su. Adaptive Massively Parallel Constant-Round Tree Contraction. In 13th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 215, pp. 83:1-83:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{hajiaghayi_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.83,
  author =	{Hajiaghayi, MohammadTaghi and Knittel, Marina and Saleh, Hamed and Su, Hsin-Hao},
  title =	{{Adaptive Massively Parallel Constant-Round Tree Contraction}},
  booktitle =	{13th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2022)},
  pages =	{83:1--83:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-217-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{215},
  editor =	{Braverman, Mark},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.83},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-156790},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.83},
  annote =	{Keywords: Adaptive Massively Parallel Computation, Tree Contraction, Matching, Independent Set, Tree Isomorphism}
}
Document
Brief Announcement
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2019.36
Brief Announcement: Streaming and Massively Parallel Algorithms for Edge Coloring

Authors: Soheil Behnezhad, Mahsa Derakhshan, MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi, Marina Knittel, and Hamed Saleh

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 146, 33rd International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2019)

Abstract
A valid edge-coloring of a graph is an assignment of "colors" to its edges such that no two incident edges receive the same color. The goal is to find a proper coloring that uses few colors. In this paper, we revisit this problem in two models of computation specific to massive graphs, the Massively Parallel Computations (MPC) model and the Graph Streaming model: Massively Parallel Computation. We give a randomized MPC algorithm that w.h.p., returns a (1+o(1))Delta edge coloring in O(1) rounds using O~(n) space per machine and O(m) total space. The space per machine can also be further improved to n^{1-Omega(1)} if Delta = n^{Omega(1)}. This is, to our knowledge, the first constant round algorithm for a natural graph problem in the strongly sublinear regime of MPC. Our algorithm improves a previous result of Harvey et al. [SPAA 2018] which required n^{1+Omega(1)} space to achieve the same result. Graph Streaming. Since the output of edge-coloring is as large as its input, we consider a standard variant of the streaming model where the output is also reported in a streaming fashion. The main challenge is that the algorithm cannot "remember" all the reported edge colors, yet has to output a proper edge coloring using few colors. We give a one-pass O~(n)-space streaming algorithm that always returns a valid coloring and uses 5.44 Delta colors w.h.p., if the edges arrive in a random order. For adversarial order streams, we give another one-pass O~(n)-space algorithm that requires O(Delta^2) colors.
Cite as

Soheil Behnezhad, Mahsa Derakhshan, MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi, Marina Knittel, and Hamed Saleh. Brief Announcement: Streaming and Massively Parallel Algorithms for Edge Coloring. In 33rd International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 146, pp. 36:1-36:3, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{behnezhad_et_al:LIPIcs.DISC.2019.36,
  author =	{Behnezhad, Soheil and Derakhshan, Mahsa and Hajiaghayi, MohammadTaghi and Knittel, Marina and Saleh, Hamed},
  title =	{{Brief Announcement: Streaming and Massively Parallel Algorithms for Edge Coloring}},
  booktitle =	{33rd International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2019)},
  pages =	{36:1--36:3},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-126-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{146},
  editor =	{Suomela, Jukka},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2019.36},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-113438},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2019.36},
  annote =	{Keywords: Massively Parallel Computation, Streaming, Edge Coloring}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2019.15
Streaming and Massively Parallel Algorithms for Edge Coloring

Authors: Soheil Behnezhad, Mahsa Derakhshan, MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi, Marina Knittel, and Hamed Saleh

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 144, 27th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2019)

Abstract
A valid edge-coloring of a graph is an assignment of "colors" to its edges such that no two incident edges receive the same color. The goal is to find a proper coloring that uses few colors. (Note that the maximum degree, Delta, is a trivial lower bound.) In this paper, we revisit this fundamental problem in two models of computation specific to massive graphs, the Massively Parallel Computations (MPC) model and the Graph Streaming model: - Massively Parallel Computation: We give a randomized MPC algorithm that with high probability returns a Delta+O~(Delta^(3/4)) edge coloring in O(1) rounds using O(n) space per machine and O(m) total space. The space per machine can also be further improved to n^(1-Omega(1)) if Delta = n^Omega(1). Our algorithm improves upon a previous result of Harvey et al. [SPAA 2018]. - Graph Streaming: Since the output of edge-coloring is as large as its input, we consider a standard variant of the streaming model where the output is also reported in a streaming fashion. The main challenge is that the algorithm cannot "remember" all the reported edge colors, yet has to output a proper edge coloring using few colors. We give a one-pass O~(n)-space streaming algorithm that always returns a valid coloring and uses 5.44 Delta colors with high probability if the edges arrive in a random order. For adversarial order streams, we give another one-pass O~(n)-space algorithm that requires O(Delta^2) colors.
Cite as

Soheil Behnezhad, Mahsa Derakhshan, MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi, Marina Knittel, and Hamed Saleh. Streaming and Massively Parallel Algorithms for Edge Coloring. In 27th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 144, pp. 15:1-15:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{behnezhad_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2019.15,
  author =	{Behnezhad, Soheil and Derakhshan, Mahsa and Hajiaghayi, MohammadTaghi and Knittel, Marina and Saleh, Hamed},
  title =	{{Streaming and Massively Parallel Algorithms for Edge Coloring}},
  booktitle =	{27th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2019)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-124-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{144},
  editor =	{Bender, Michael A. and Svensson, Ola and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2019.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-111361},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2019.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: Massively Parallel Computation, Streaming, Edge Coloring}
}
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