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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2022.60

Simon’s Congruence Pattern Matching

Authors: Sungmin Kim, Sang-Ki Ko, and Yo-Sub Han

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 248, 33rd International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2022)

Abstract

Testing Simon’s congruence asks whether two strings have the same set of subsequences of length no greater than a given integer. In the light of the recent discovery of an optimal linear algorithm for testing Simon’s congruence, we solve the Simon’s congruence pattern matching problem. The problem requires finding all substrings of a text that are congruent to a pattern under the Simon’s congruence. Our algorithm efficiently solves the problem in linear time in the length of the text by reusing results from previous computations with the help of new data structures called X-trees and Y-trees. Moreover, we define and solve variants of the Simon’s congruence pattern matching problem. They require finding the longest and shortest substring of the text as well as the shortest subsequence of the text which is congruent to the pattern under the Simon’s congruence. Two more variants which ask for the longest congruent subsequence of the text and optimizing the pattern matching problem are left as open problems.

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Sungmin Kim, Sang-Ki Ko, and Yo-Sub Han. Simon’s Congruence Pattern Matching. In 33rd International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 248, pp. 60:1-60:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{kim_et_al:LIPIcs.ISAAC.2022.60,
  author =	{Kim, Sungmin and Ko, Sang-Ki and Han, Yo-Sub},
  title =	{{Simon’s Congruence Pattern Matching}},
  booktitle =	{33rd International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2022)},
  pages =	{60:1--60:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-258-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{248},
  editor =	{Bae, Sang Won and Park, Heejin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2022.60},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-173456},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ISAAC.2022.60},
  annote =	{Keywords: pattern matching, Simon’s congruence, string algorithm, data structure}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.132

On the Identity Problem for the Special Linear Group and the Heisenberg Group

Authors: Sang-Ki Ko, Reino Niskanen, and Igor Potapov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 107, 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018)

Abstract

We study the identity problem for matrices, i.e., whether the identity matrix is in a semigroup generated by a given set of generators. In particular we consider the identity problem for the special linear group following recent NP-completeness result for SL(2,Z) and the undecidability for SL(4,Z) generated by 48 matrices. First we show that there is no embedding from pairs of words into 3 x3 integer matrices with determinant one, i.e., into SL{(3,Z)} extending previously known result that there is no embedding into C^{2 x 2}. Apart from theoretical importance of the result it can be seen as a strong evidence that the computational problems in SL{(3,Z)} are decidable. The result excludes the most natural possibility of encoding the Post correspondence problem into SL{(3,Z)}, where the matrix products extended by the right multiplication correspond to the Turing machine simulation. Then we show that the identity problem is decidable in polynomial time for an important subgroup of SL(3,Z), the Heisenberg group H(3,Z). Furthermore, we extend the decidability result for H(n,Q) in any dimension n. Finally we are tightening the gap on decidability question for this long standing open problem by improving the undecidability result for the identity problem in SL{(4,Z)} substantially reducing the bound on the size of the generator set from 48 to 8 by developing a novel reduction technique.

Cite as

Sang-Ki Ko, Reino Niskanen, and Igor Potapov. On the Identity Problem for the Special Linear Group and the Heisenberg Group. In 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 107, pp. 132:1-132:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{ko_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.132,
  author =	{Ko, Sang-Ki and Niskanen, Reino and Potapov, Igor},
  title =	{{On the Identity Problem for the Special Linear Group and the Heisenberg Group}},
  booktitle =	{45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018)},
  pages =	{132:1--132:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-076-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{107},
  editor =	{Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Kaklamanis, Christos and Marx, D\'{a}niel and Sannella, Donald},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.132},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-91367},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.132},
  annote =	{Keywords: matrix semigroup, identity problem, special linear group, Heisenberg group, decidability}
}

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Documents authored by Ko, Sang-Ki

Simon’s Congruence Pattern Matching

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On the Identity Problem for the Special Linear Group and the Heisenberg Group

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