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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2021.39

Data Structures Lower Bounds and Popular Conjectures

Authors: Pavel Dvořák, Michal Koucký, Karel Král, and Veronika Slívová

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 204, 29th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2021)

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the relative power of several conjectures that attracted recently lot of interest. We establish a connection between the Network Coding Conjecture (NCC) of Li and Li [Li and Li, 2004] and several data structure problems such as non-adaptive function inversion of Hellman [M. Hellman, 1980] and the well-studied problem of polynomial evaluation and interpolation. In turn these data structure problems imply super-linear circuit lower bounds for explicit functions such as integer sorting and multi-point polynomial evaluation.

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Pavel Dvořák, Michal Koucký, Karel Král, and Veronika Slívová. Data Structures Lower Bounds and Popular Conjectures. In 29th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 204, pp. 39:1-39:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{dvorak_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2021.39,
  author =	{Dvo\v{r}\'{a}k, Pavel and Kouck\'{y}, Michal and Kr\'{a}l, Karel and Sl{\'\i}vov\'{a}, Veronika},
  title =	{{Data Structures Lower Bounds and Popular Conjectures}},
  booktitle =	{29th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2021)},
  pages =	{39:1--39:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-204-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{204},
  editor =	{Mutzel, Petra and Pagh, Rasmus and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2021.39},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-146207},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2021.39},
  annote =	{Keywords: Data structures, Circuits, Lower bounds, Network Coding Conjecture}
}

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Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.88

Sorting Short Integers

Authors: Michal Koucký and Karel Král

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 198, 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021)

Abstract

We build boolean circuits of size 𝒪(nm²) and depth 𝒪(log(n) + m log(m)) for sorting n integers each of m-bits. We build also circuits that sort n integers each of m-bits according to their first k bits that are of size 𝒪(nmk (1 + log^*(n) - log^*(m))) and depth 𝒪(log³(n)). This improves on the results of Asharov et al. [Asharov et al., 2021] and resolves some of their open questions.

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Michal Koucký and Karel Král. Sorting Short Integers. In 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 198, pp. 88:1-88:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{koucky_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.88,
  author =	{Kouck\'{y}, Michal and Kr\'{a}l, Karel},
  title =	{{Sorting Short Integers}},
  booktitle =	{48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021)},
  pages =	{88:1--88:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-195-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{198},
  editor =	{Bansal, Nikhil and Merelli, Emanuela and Worrell, James},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.88},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-141577},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.88},
  annote =	{Keywords: sorting, small integers, boolean circuits}
}

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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.60

ARRIVAL: Next Stop in CLS

Authors: Bernd Gärtner, Thomas Dueholm Hansen, Pavel Hubácek, Karel Král, Hagar Mosaad, and Veronika Slívová

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 107, 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018)

Abstract

We study the computational complexity of Arrival, a zero-player game on n-vertex switch graphs introduced by Dohrau, Gärtner, Kohler, Matousek, and Welzl. They showed that the problem of deciding termination of this game is contained in NP n coNP. Karthik C. S. recently introduced a search variant of Arrival and showed that it is in the complexity class PLS. In this work, we significantly improve the known upper bounds for both the decision and the search variants of Arrival. First, we resolve a question suggested by Dohrau et al. and show that the decision variant of Arrival is in UP n coUP. Second, we prove that the search variant of Arrival is contained in CLS. Third, we give a randomized O(1.4143^n)-time algorithm to solve both variants. Our main technical contributions are (a) an efficiently verifiable characterization of the unique witness for termination of the Arrival game, and (b) an efficient way of sampling from the state space of the game. We show that the problem of finding the unique witness is contained in CLS, whereas it was previously conjectured to be FPSPACE-complete. The efficient sampling procedure yields the first algorithm for the problem that has expected runtime O(c^n) with c<2.

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Bernd Gärtner, Thomas Dueholm Hansen, Pavel Hubácek, Karel Král, Hagar Mosaad, and Veronika Slívová. ARRIVAL: Next Stop in CLS. In 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 107, pp. 60:1-60:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{gartner_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.60,
  author =	{G\"{a}rtner, Bernd and Hansen, Thomas Dueholm and Hub\'{a}cek, Pavel and Kr\'{a}l, Karel and Mosaad, Hagar and Sl{\'\i}vov\'{a}, Veronika},
  title =	{{ARRIVAL: Next Stop in CLS}},
  booktitle =	{45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018)},
  pages =	{60:1--60:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-076-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{107},
  editor =	{Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Kaklamanis, Christos and Marx, D\'{a}niel and Sannella, Donald},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.60},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-90641},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.60},
  annote =	{Keywords: CLS, switch graphs, zero-player game, UP n coUP}
}

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Documents authored by Král, Karel

Data Structures Lower Bounds and Popular Conjectures

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Sorting Short Integers

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ARRIVAL: Next Stop in CLS

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