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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2026.13

The Compilability Thresholds of 2-CNF to OBDD

Authors: Alexis de Colnet, Alfons Laarman, and Joon Hyung Lee

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 377, 29th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2026)

Abstract

We prove the existence of two thresholds regarding the compilability of random 2-CNF formulas to OBDDs. The formulas are drawn from F₂(n,δn), the uniform distribution over all 2-CNFs with δ n clauses and n variables, with δ ≥ 0 a constant. We show that, with high probability, the random 2-CNF admits OBDDs of size polynomial in n if 0 ≤ δ < 1/2 or if δ > 1. On the other hand, for 1/2 < δ < 1, with high probability, the random 2-CNF admits only OBDDs of size exponential in n. It is no coincidence that the two "compilability thresholds" are δ = 1/2 and δ = 1. Both are known thresholds for other CNF properties, namely, δ = 1 is the satisfiability threshold for 2-CNF while δ = 1/2 is the treewidth threshold, i.e., the point where the treewidth of the primal graph jumps from constant to linear in n with high probability.

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Alexis de Colnet, Alfons Laarman, and Joon Hyung Lee. The Compilability Thresholds of 2-CNF to OBDD. In 29th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 377, pp. 13:1-13:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{decolnet_et_al:LIPIcs.SAT.2026.13,
  author =	{de Colnet, Alexis and Laarman, Alfons and Lee, Joon Hyung},
  title =	{{The Compilability Thresholds of 2-CNF to OBDD}},
  booktitle =	{29th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2026)},
  pages =	{13:1--13:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-431-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{377},
  editor =	{Ignatiev, Alexey and Szeider, Stefan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2026.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-263190},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2026.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: Knowledge Compilation, OBDD, Random CNF, Phase Transition}
}

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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2025.27

Uniformity Within Parameterized Circuit Classes

Authors: Steef Hegeman, Jan Martens, and Alfons Laarman

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 358, 20th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2025)

Abstract

We study uniformity conditions for parameterized Boolean circuit families. Uniformity conditions require that the infinitely many circuits in a circuit family are in some sense easy to construct from one shared description. For shallow circuit families, logtime-uniformity is often desired but quite technical to prove. Despite that, proving it is often left as an exercise for the reader - even for recently introduced classes in parameterized circuit complexity, where uniformity conditions have not yet been explicitly studied. We formally define parameterized versions of linear-uniformity, logtime-uniformity, and FO-uniformity, and prove that these result in equivalent complexity classes when imposed on para-AC⁰ and para-AC^{0↑}. Overall, we provide a convenient way to verify uniformity for shallow parameterized circuit classes, and thereby substantiate claims of uniformity in the literature.

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Steef Hegeman, Jan Martens, and Alfons Laarman. Uniformity Within Parameterized Circuit Classes. In 20th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 358, pp. 27:1-27:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{hegeman_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2025.27,
  author =	{Hegeman, Steef and Martens, Jan and Laarman, Alfons},
  title =	{{Uniformity Within Parameterized Circuit Classes}},
  booktitle =	{20th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2025)},
  pages =	{27:1--27:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-407-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{358},
  editor =	{Agrawal, Akanksha and van Leeuwen, Erik Jan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2025.27},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-251598},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2025.27},
  annote =	{Keywords: Parameterized complexity, circuit complexity, uniformity, descriptive complexity}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2025.38

Reducing Quantum Circuit Synthesis to #SAT

Authors: Dekel Zak, Jingyi Mei, Jean-Marie Lagniez, and Alfons Laarman

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 340, 31st International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2025)

Abstract

Quantum circuit synthesis is the task of decomposing a given quantum operator into a sequence of elementary quantum gates. Since the finite target gate set cannot exactly implement any given operator, approximation is often necessary. Model counting, or #SAT, has recently been demonstrated as a promising new approach for tackling core problems in quantum circuit analysis. In this work, we show for the first time that the universal quantum circuit synthesis problem can be reduced to maximum model counting. We formulate a #SAT encoding for exact and approximate depth-optimal quantum circuit synthesis into the Clifford+T gate set. We evaluate our method with an open-source implementation that uses the maximum model counter d4Max as a backend. For this purpose, we extended d4Max with support for complex and negative weights to represent amplitudes. Experimental results show that existing classical tools have potential for the quantum circuit synthesis problem.

Cite as

Dekel Zak, Jingyi Mei, Jean-Marie Lagniez, and Alfons Laarman. Reducing Quantum Circuit Synthesis to #SAT. In 31st International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 340, pp. 38:1-38:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{zak_et_al:LIPIcs.CP.2025.38,
  author =	{Zak, Dekel and Mei, Jingyi and Lagniez, Jean-Marie and Laarman, Alfons},
  title =	{{Reducing Quantum Circuit Synthesis to #SAT}},
  booktitle =	{31st International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2025)},
  pages =	{38:1--38:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-380-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{340},
  editor =	{de la Banda, Maria Garcia},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2025.38},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-238997},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2025.38},
  annote =	{Keywords: Maximum weighted model counting, quantum circuit synthesis}
}

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Documents authored by Laarman, Alfons

The Compilability Thresholds of 2-CNF to OBDD

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Uniformity Within Parameterized Circuit Classes

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Reducing Quantum Circuit Synthesis to #SAT

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