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Documents authored by Maksimović, Petar

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.25
Compositional Symbolic Execution for Correctness and Incorrectness Reasoning

Authors: Andreas Lööw, Daniele Nantes-Sobrinho, Sacha-Élie Ayoun, Caroline Cronjäger, Petar Maksimović, and Philippa Gardner

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 313, 38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024)

Abstract
The introduction of separation logic has led to the development of symbolic execution techniques and tools that are (functionally) compositional with function specifications that can be used in broader calling contexts. Many of the compositional symbolic execution tools developed in academia and industry have been grounded on a formal foundation, but either the function specifications are not validated with respect to the underlying separation logic of the theory, or there is a large gulf between the theory and the implementation of the tool. We introduce a formal compositional symbolic execution engine which creates and uses function specifications from an underlying separation logic and provides a sound theoretical foundation for, and indeed was partially inspired by, the Gillian symbolic execution platform. This is achieved by providing an axiomatic interface which describes the properties of the consume and produce operations used in the engine to update compositionally the symbolic state, for example when calling function specifications. This consume-produce technique is used by VeriFast, Viper, and Gillian, but has not been previously characterised independently of the tool. As part of our result, we give consume and produce operations inspired by the Gillian implementation that satisfy the properties described by our axiomatic interface. A surprising property is that our engine semantics provides a common foundation for both correctness and incorrectness reasoning, with the difference in the underlying engine only amounting to the choice to use satisfiability or validity. We use this property to extend the Gillian platform, which previously only supported correctness reasoning, with incorrectness reasoning and automatic true bug-finding using incorrectness bi-abduction. We evaluate our new Gillian platform by using the Gillian instantiation to C. This instantiation is the first tool grounded on a common formal compositional symbolic execution engine to support both correctness and incorrectness reasoning.
Cite as

Andreas Lööw, Daniele Nantes-Sobrinho, Sacha-Élie Ayoun, Caroline Cronjäger, Petar Maksimović, and Philippa Gardner. Compositional Symbolic Execution for Correctness and Incorrectness Reasoning. In 38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 313, pp. 25:1-25:28, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{loow_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.25,
  author =	{L\"{o}\"{o}w, Andreas and Nantes-Sobrinho, Daniele and Ayoun, Sacha-\'{E}lie and Cronj\"{a}ger, Caroline and Maksimovi\'{c}, Petar and Gardner, Philippa},
  title =	{{Compositional Symbolic Execution for Correctness and Incorrectness Reasoning}},
  booktitle =	{38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024)},
  pages =	{25:1--25:28},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-341-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{313},
  editor =	{Aldrich, Jonathan and Salvaneschi, Guido},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.25},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208741},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.25},
  annote =	{Keywords: separation logic, incorrectness logic, symbolic execution, bi-abduction}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.26
Matching Plans for Frame Inference in Compositional Reasoning

Authors: Andreas Lööw, Daniele Nantes-Sobrinho, Sacha-Élie Ayoun, Petar Maksimović, and Philippa Gardner

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 313, 38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024)

Abstract
The use of function specifications to reason about function calls and the manipulation of user-defined predicates are two essential ingredients of modern compositional verification tools based on separation logic. To execute these operations successfully, these tools must be able to solve the frame inference problem, that is, to understand which parts of the state are relevant for the operation at hand. We introduce matching plans, a concept that is used in the Gillian verification platform to automate frame inference efficiently. We extract matching plans and their automation machinery from the Gillian implementation and present them in a tool-agnostic way, making the Gillian approach available to the broader verification community as a verification-tool design pattern.
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Andreas Lööw, Daniele Nantes-Sobrinho, Sacha-Élie Ayoun, Petar Maksimović, and Philippa Gardner. Matching Plans for Frame Inference in Compositional Reasoning. In 38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 313, pp. 26:1-26:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{loow_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.26,
  author =	{L\"{o}\"{o}w, Andreas and Nantes-Sobrinho, Daniele and Ayoun, Sacha-\'{E}lie and Maksimovi\'{c}, Petar and Gardner, Philippa},
  title =	{{Matching Plans for Frame Inference in Compositional Reasoning}},
  booktitle =	{38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024)},
  pages =	{26:1--26:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-341-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{313},
  editor =	{Aldrich, Jonathan and Salvaneschi, Guido},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.26},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208751},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.26},
  annote =	{Keywords: Compositional reasoning, separation logic, frame inference}
}
Document
Artifact
DOI: 10.4230/DARTS.10.2.13
Compositional Symbolic Execution for Correctness and Incorrectness Reasoning (Artifact)

Authors: Andreas Lööw, Daniele Nantes-Sobrinho, Sacha-Élie Ayoun, Caroline Cronjäger, Nat Karmios, Petar Maksimović, and Philippa Gardner

Published in: DARTS, Volume 10, Issue 2, Special Issue of the 38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024)

Abstract
This artifact is a companion to the paper "Compositional Symbolic Execution for Correctness and Incorrectness Reasoning". It contains the source code of the Gillian compositional symbolic execution (CSE) platform, in which we added the incorrectness reasoning capabilities, and the benchmarks used in the evaluation of the paper. It also contains a Haskell demonstrator CSE engine that directly implements the CSE engine inference rules presented in the paper.
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Andreas Lööw, Daniele Nantes-Sobrinho, Sacha-Élie Ayoun, Caroline Cronjäger, Nat Karmios, Petar Maksimović, and Philippa Gardner. Compositional Symbolic Execution for Correctness and Incorrectness Reasoning (Artifact). In Special Issue of the 38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024). Dagstuhl Artifacts Series (DARTS), Volume 10, Issue 2, pp. 13:1-13:2, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@Article{loow_et_al:DARTS.10.2.13,
  author =	{L\"{o}\"{o}w, Andreas and Nantes-Sobrinho, Daniele and Ayoun, Sacha-\'{E}lie and Cronj\"{a}ger, Caroline and Karmios, Nat and Maksimovi\'{c}, Petar and Gardner, Philippa},
  title =	{{Compositional Symbolic Execution for Correctness and Incorrectness Reasoning (Artifact)}},
  pages =	{13:1--13:2},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Artifacts Series},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-342-3},
  ISSN =	{2509-8195},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{10},
  number =	{2},
  editor =	{L\"{o}\"{o}w, Andreas and Nantes-Sobrinho, Daniele and Ayoun, Sacha-\'{E}lie and Cronj\"{a}ger, Caroline and Karmios, Nat and Maksimovi\'{c}, Petar and Gardner, Philippa},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DARTS.10.2.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-209110},
  doi =		{10.4230/DARTS.10.2.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: separation logic, incorrectness logic, symbolic execution, bi-abduction}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2023.19
Exact Separation Logic: Towards Bridging the Gap Between Verification and Bug-Finding

Authors: Petar Maksimović, Caroline Cronjäger, Andreas Lööw, Julian Sutherland, and Philippa Gardner

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 263, 37th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2023)

Abstract
Over-approximating (OX) program logics, such as separation logic (SL), are used for verifying properties of heap-manipulating programs: all terminating behaviour is characterised, but established results and errors need not be reachable. OX function specifications are thus incompatible with true bug-finding supported by symbolic execution tools such as Pulse and Pulse-X. In contrast, under-approximating (UX) program logics, such as incorrectness separation logic, are used to find true results and bugs: established results and errors are reachable, but there is no mechanism for understanding if all terminating behaviour has been characterised. We introduce exact separation logic (ESL), which provides fully-verified function specifications compatible with both OX verification and UX true bug-funding: all terminating behaviour is characterised and all established results and errors are reachable. We prove soundness for ESL with mutually recursive functions, demonstrating, for the first time, function compositionality for a UX logic. We show that UX program logics require subtle definitions of internal and external function specifications compared with the familiar definitions of OX logics. We investigate the expressivity of ESL and, for the first time, explore the role of abstraction in UX reasoning by verifying abstract ESL specifications of various data-structure algorithms. In doing so, we highlight the difference between abstraction (hiding information) and over-approximation (losing information). Our findings demonstrate that abstraction cannot be used as freely in UX logics as in OX logics, but also that it should be feasible to use ESL to provide tractable function specifications for self-contained, critical code, which would then be used for both verification and true bug-finding.
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Petar Maksimović, Caroline Cronjäger, Andreas Lööw, Julian Sutherland, and Philippa Gardner. Exact Separation Logic: Towards Bridging the Gap Between Verification and Bug-Finding. In 37th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 263, pp. 19:1-19:27, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{maksimovic_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2023.19,
  author =	{Maksimovi\'{c}, Petar and Cronj\"{a}ger, Caroline and L\"{o}\"{o}w, Andreas and Sutherland, Julian and Gardner, Philippa},
  title =	{{Exact Separation Logic: Towards Bridging the Gap Between Verification and Bug-Finding}},
  booktitle =	{37th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2023)},
  pages =	{19:1--19:27},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-281-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{263},
  editor =	{Ali, Karim and Salvaneschi, Guido},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2023.19},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-182123},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2023.19},
  annote =	{Keywords: Separation logic, program correctness, program incorrectness, abstraction}
}
Document
Artifact
DOI: 10.4230/DARTS.6.2.5
A Trusted Infrastructure for Symbolic Analysis of Event-Driven Web Applications (Artifact)

Authors: Gabriela Sampaio, José Fragoso Santos, Petar Maksimović, and Philippa Gardner

Published in: DARTS, Volume 6, Issue 2, Special Issue of the 34th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2020)

Abstract
This artifact contains the implementation of JaVerT.Click, a symbolic analysis tool for modern event-driven Web applications. The tool extends JaVerT 2.0, a state-of-the-art symbolic execution tool for JavaScript (JS), with JS reference implementations of the DOM Core Level 1, DOM UI Events, JavaScript Promises and the JavaScript async/await APIs, all underpinned by a simple Core Event Semantics which is sufficiently expressive to describe the event models underlying these APIs. Our reference implementations mostly follow the respective standards line-by-line and are all thoroughly tested against the official test suite. We also evaluate JaVerT.Click by performing symbolic analysis on two real-world libraries: cash and p-map, finding three previously unknown bugs.
Cite as

Gabriela Sampaio, José Fragoso Santos, Petar Maksimović, and Philippa Gardner. A Trusted Infrastructure for Symbolic Analysis of Event-Driven Web Applications (Artifact). In Special Issue of the 34th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2020). Dagstuhl Artifacts Series (DARTS), Volume 6, Issue 2, pp. 5:1-5:3, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@Article{sampaio_et_al:DARTS.6.2.5,
  author =	{Sampaio, Gabriela and Fragoso Santos, Jos\'{e} and Maksimovi\'{c}, Petar and Gardner, Philippa},
  title =	{{A Trusted Infrastructure for Symbolic Analysis of Event-Driven Web Applications (Artifact)}},
  pages =	{5:1--5:3},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Artifacts Series},
  ISSN =	{2509-8195},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{6},
  number =	{2},
  editor =	{Sampaio, Gabriela and Fragoso Santos, Jos\'{e} and Maksimovi\'{c}, Petar and Gardner, Philippa},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DARTS.6.2.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-132028},
  doi =		{10.4230/DARTS.6.2.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Events, DOM, JavaScript, promises, symbolic execution, bug-finding}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2020.28
A Trusted Infrastructure for Symbolic Analysis of Event-Driven Web Applications

Authors: Gabriela Sampaio, José Fragoso Santos, Petar Maksimović, and Philippa Gardner

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 166, 34th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2020)

Abstract
We introduce a trusted infrastructure for the symbolic analysis of modern event-driven Web applications. This infrastructure consists of reference implementations of the DOM Core Level 1, DOM UI Events, JavaScript Promises and the JavaScript async/await APIs, all underpinned by a simple Core Event Semantics which is sufficiently expressive to describe the event models underlying these APIs. Our reference implementations are trustworthy in that three follow the appropriate standards line-by-line and all are thoroughly tested against the official test-suites, passing all the applicable tests. Using the Core Event Semantics and the reference implementations, we develop JaVerT.Click, a symbolic execution tool for JavaScript that, for the first time, supports reasoning about JavaScript programs that use multiple event-related APIs. We demonstrate the viability of JaVerT.Click by proving both the presence and absence of bugs in real-world JavaScript code.
Cite as

Gabriela Sampaio, José Fragoso Santos, Petar Maksimović, and Philippa Gardner. A Trusted Infrastructure for Symbolic Analysis of Event-Driven Web Applications. In 34th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 166, pp. 28:1-28:29, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{sampaio_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2020.28,
  author =	{Sampaio, Gabriela and Fragoso Santos, Jos\'{e} and Maksimovi\'{c}, Petar and Gardner, Philippa},
  title =	{{A Trusted Infrastructure for Symbolic Analysis of Event-Driven Web Applications}},
  booktitle =	{34th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2020)},
  pages =	{28:1--28:29},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-154-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{166},
  editor =	{Hirschfeld, Robert and Pape, Tobias},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2020.28},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-131853},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2020.28},
  annote =	{Keywords: Events, DOM, JavaScript, promises, symbolic execution, bug-finding}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2019.9
A Program Logic for First-Order Encapsulated WebAssembly

Authors: Conrad Watt, Petar Maksimović, Neelakantan R. Krishnaswami, and Philippa Gardner

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 134, 33rd European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2019)

Abstract
We introduce Wasm Logic, a sound program logic for first-order, encapsulated WebAssembly. We design a novel assertion syntax, tailored to WebAssembly’s stack-based semantics and the strong guarantees given by WebAssembly’s type system, and show how to adapt the standard separation logic triple and proof rules in a principled way to capture WebAssembly’s uncommon structured control flow. Using Wasm Logic, we specify and verify a simple WebAssembly B-tree library, giving abstract specifications independent of the underlying implementation. We mechanise Wasm Logic and its soundness proof in full in Isabelle/HOL. As part of the soundness proof, we formalise and fully mechanise a novel, big-step semantics of WebAssembly, which we prove equivalent, up to transitive closure, to the original WebAssembly small-step semantics. Wasm Logic is the first program logic for WebAssembly, and represents a first step towards the creation of static analysis tools for WebAssembly.
Cite as

Conrad Watt, Petar Maksimović, Neelakantan R. Krishnaswami, and Philippa Gardner. A Program Logic for First-Order Encapsulated WebAssembly. In 33rd European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 134, pp. 9:1-9:30, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{watt_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2019.9,
  author =	{Watt, Conrad and Maksimovi\'{c}, Petar and Krishnaswami, Neelakantan R. and Gardner, Philippa},
  title =	{{A Program Logic for First-Order Encapsulated WebAssembly}},
  booktitle =	{33rd European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2019)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:30},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-111-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{134},
  editor =	{Donaldson, Alastair F.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2019.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-108011},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2019.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: WebAssembly, program logic, separation logic, soundness, mechanisation}
}
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