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Documents authored by Pätzold, Julius

Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2019.6
The Trickle-In Effect: Modeling Passenger Behavior in Delay Management

Authors: Anita Schöbel, Julius Pätzold, and Jörg P. Müller

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 75, 19th Symposium on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2019)

Abstract
Delay management is concerned with making decisions if a train should wait for passengers from delayed trains or if it should depart on time. Models for delay management exist and can be adapted to capacities of stations, capacities of tracks, or respect vehicle and driver schedules, passengers' routes and further constraints. Nevertheless, what has been neglected so far, is that a train cannot depart as planned if passengers from another train trickle in one after another such that the doors of the departing train cannot close. This effect is often observed in real-world, but has not yet been taken into account in delay management. We show the impact of this "trickle-in" effect to departure delays of trains under different conditions. We then modify existing delay management models to take the trickle-in effect into account. This can be done by forbidding certain intervals for departure. We present an integer programming formulation with these additional constraints resulting in a generalization of classic delay management models. We analyze the resulting model and identify parameters with which it can be best approximated by the classical delay management problem. Experimentally, we show that the trickle-in effect has a high impact on the overall delay of public transport systems. We discuss the impact of the trickle-in effect on the objective function value and on the computation time of the delay management problem. We also analyze the trickle-in effect for timetables which have been derived without taking this particular behavioral pattern of passengers into account.
Cite as

Anita Schöbel, Julius Pätzold, and Jörg P. Müller. The Trickle-In Effect: Modeling Passenger Behavior in Delay Management. In 19th Symposium on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2019). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 75, pp. 6:1-6:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{schobel_et_al:OASIcs.ATMOS.2019.6,
  author =	{Sch\"{o}bel, Anita and P\"{a}tzold, Julius and M\"{u}ller, J\"{o}rg P.},
  title =	{{The Trickle-In Effect: Modeling Passenger Behavior in Delay Management}},
  booktitle =	{19th Symposium on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2019)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:15},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-128-3},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{75},
  editor =	{Cacchiani, Valentina and Marchetti-Spaccamela, Alberto},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2019.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-114187},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2019.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Public Transport Planning, Delay Management, Integer Programming}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2018.8
Cost-Minimal Public Transport Planning

Authors: Julius Pätzold, Alexander Schiewe, and Anita Schöbel

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 65, 18th Workshop on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2018)

Abstract
In this paper we discuss what a cost-optimal public transport plan looks like, i.e., we determine a line plan, a timetable and a vehicle schedule which can be operated with minimal costs while, at the same time, allowing all passengers to travel between their origins and destinations. We are hereby interested in an exact solution of the integrated problem. In contrast to a passenger-optimal transport plan, in which there is a direct connection for every origin-destination pair, the structure or model for determining a cost-optimal transport plan is not obvious and has not been researched so far. We present three models which differ with respect to the structures we are looking for. If lines are directed and may contain circles, we prove that a cost-optimal schedule can (under weak assumptions) already be obtained by first distributing the passengers in a cost-optimal way. We are able to streamline the resulting integer program such that it can be applied to real-world instances. The model gives bounds for the general case. In the second model we look for lines operated in both directions, but allow only simplified vehicle schedules. This model then yields stronger bounds than the first one. Our most realistic model looks for lines operated in both directions, and allows all structures for the vehicle schedules. This model, however, is only computable for small instances. Finally, the results of the three models and their respective bounds are compared experimentally.
Cite as

Julius Pätzold, Alexander Schiewe, and Anita Schöbel. Cost-Minimal Public Transport Planning. In 18th Workshop on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2018). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 65, pp. 8:1-8:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{patzold_et_al:OASIcs.ATMOS.2018.8,
  author =	{P\"{a}tzold, Julius and Schiewe, Alexander and Sch\"{o}bel, Anita},
  title =	{{Cost-Minimal Public Transport Planning}},
  booktitle =	{18th Workshop on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2018)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:22},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-096-5},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{65},
  editor =	{Bornd\"{o}rfer, Ralf and Storandt, Sabine},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2018.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-97138},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2018.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Public Transport Planning, Integer Optimization, Line Planning, Vehicle Scheduling}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2017.17
Look-Ahead Approaches for Integrated Planning in Public Transportation

Authors: Julius Pätzold, Alexander Schiewe, Philine Schiewe, and Anita Schöbel

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 59, 17th Workshop on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2017)

Abstract
In this paper we deal with three consecutive planning stages in public transportation: Line planning (including line pool generation), timetabling, and vehicle scheduling. These three steps are traditionally performed one after another in a sequential way often leading to high costs in the (last) vehicle scheduling stage. In this paper we propose three different ways to "look ahead", i.e., to include aspects of vehicle scheduling already earlier in the sequential process: an adapted line pool generation algorithm, a new cost structure for line planning, and a reordering of the sequential planning stages. We analyze these enhancements experimentally and show that they can be used to decrease the costs significantly.
Cite as

Julius Pätzold, Alexander Schiewe, Philine Schiewe, and Anita Schöbel. Look-Ahead Approaches for Integrated Planning in Public Transportation. In 17th Workshop on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2017). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 59, pp. 17:1-17:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{patzold_et_al:OASIcs.ATMOS.2017.17,
  author =	{P\"{a}tzold, Julius and Schiewe, Alexander and Schiewe, Philine and Sch\"{o}bel, Anita},
  title =	{{Look-Ahead Approaches for Integrated Planning in Public Transportation}},
  booktitle =	{17th Workshop on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2017)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:16},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-042-2},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{59},
  editor =	{D'Angelo, Gianlorenzo and Dollevoet, Twan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2017.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-78944},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2017.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: line pool generation, line planning, vehicle scheduling, integrated planning, public transport}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2016.1
A Matching Approach for Periodic Timetabling

Authors: Julius Pätzold and Anita Schöbel

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 54, 16th Workshop on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2016)

Abstract
The periodic event scheduling problem (PESP) is a well studied problem known as intrinsically hard, but with important applications mainly for finding good timetables in public transportation. In this paper we consider PESP in public transportation, but in a reduced version (r-PESP) in which the driving and waiting times of the vehicles are fixed to their lower bounds. This results in a still NP-hard problem which has less variables, since only one variable determines the schedule for a whole line. We propose a formulation for r-PESP which is based on scheduling the lines. This enables us on the one hand to identify a finite candidate set and an exact solution approach. On the other hand, we use this formulation to derive a matching-based heuristic for solving PESP. Our experiments on close to real-world instances from LinTim show that our heuristic is able to compute competitive timetables in a very short runtime.
Cite as

Julius Pätzold and Anita Schöbel. A Matching Approach for Periodic Timetabling. In 16th Workshop on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2016). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 54, pp. 1:1-1:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{patzold_et_al:OASIcs.ATMOS.2016.1,
  author =	{P\"{a}tzold, Julius and Sch\"{o}bel, Anita},
  title =	{{A Matching Approach for Periodic Timetabling}},
  booktitle =	{16th Workshop on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2016)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:15},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-021-7},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{54},
  editor =	{Goerigk, Marc and Werneck, Renato F.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2016.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-65251},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.ATMOS.2016.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: PESP, Timetabling, Public Transport, Matching, Finite Dominating Set}
}
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