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DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.DX.2025.10

Automating Control System Design: Using Language Models for Expert Knowledge in Decentralized Controller Auto-Tuning

Authors: Marlon J. Ares-Milian, Gregory Provan, and Marcos Quinones-Grueiro

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 136, 36th International Conference on Principles of Diagnosis and Resilient Systems (DX 2025)

Abstract

Fully-automated optimal controller design for engineering systems is a challenging task. While, optimization-based, automated control parameter tuning techniques have been widely discussed in the literature, most works do not discuss expert knowledge requirements for system design, which result in significant human intervention. In this work, we discuss a multistage controller tuning framework for decentralized control that highlights expert knowledge requirements in automated controller design. We propose a methodology to automate the input-output pairing and stage definition steps in the framework using Large Language Models (LLMs) for a family of multi-tank benchmarks. We achieve this by proposing a mathematical language to describe the system and design an algorithm to bind this mathematical representation to the input prompt space of an LLM. We demonstrate that our methodology can produce consistent expert knowledge outputs from the LLM with over 97% accuracy for the multi-tank benchmarks. We also empirically show that, correct stage definition by the LLM can improve tuned controller performance by up to 52%.

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Marlon J. Ares-Milian, Gregory Provan, and Marcos Quinones-Grueiro. Automating Control System Design: Using Language Models for Expert Knowledge in Decentralized Controller Auto-Tuning. In 36th International Conference on Principles of Diagnosis and Resilient Systems (DX 2025). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 136, pp. 10:1-10:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{aresmilian_et_al:OASIcs.DX.2025.10,
  author =	{Ares-Milian, Marlon J. and Provan, Gregory and Quinones-Grueiro, Marcos},
  title =	{{Automating Control System Design: Using Language Models for Expert Knowledge in Decentralized Controller Auto-Tuning}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Conference on Principles of Diagnosis and Resilient Systems (DX 2025)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:20},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-394-2},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{136},
  editor =	{Quinones-Grueiro, Marcos and Biswas, Gautam and Pill, Ingo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.DX.2025.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-247996},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.DX.2025.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: controller auto-tuning, automated system design, large language models}
}

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Automating Control System Design: Using Language Models for Expert Knowledge in Decentralized Controller Auto-Tuning

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